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GP > Thyroid > Flashcards

Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the difference between primary and secondary hyperthyroidism?

A

Primary: pathology within thyroid gland

Secondary: thyroid is stimulated by excess TSH

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2
Q

Causes of hyperthyroidism?

A 
Grave's disease
Toxic nodular goitre
Toxic adenoma (producing T3/4)
Thyroiditis
Exogenous: drugs, iodine excess
Post-partum
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3
Q

What is Grave’s disease?

A

Autoimmune: autoantibodies bind to TSH receptor stimulating the production of T3 and 4

Too much is produced

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4
Q

What TFT results would you see in Grave’s?

A

High T3 and 4

Low TSH as body recognises high T3/4 and tries to reduce TSH (negative feedback)

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5
Q

What are some Grave’s specific symptoms?

A

Goitre
Ophthalmopathy
Pretibial myxoedema
Clubbing

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6
Q

What is thyroiditis? Clinical features?

A

Post-viral, inflammation of thyroid

Painful goitre, high ESR, self-limiting

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7
Q

Clinical features of hyperthyroidism?

A 
Weight loss
High appetite
Heat intolerance
Oligomenorrhoea
Diarrhoea
Anxiety
Palpitations
Tremor
Tachycardia, AF
Pruritus
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8
Q

Investigations of hyperthyroidism?

A

Bloods: FBC (anaemia), TFTs, autoantibodies, LFTs

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9
Q

Management of hyperthyroid?

A

Drugs:

  • B blockers (symptomatic)
  • Carbimazole

Radioiodine

Thyroidectomy

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10
Q

Complications of hyperthyroidism?

A

Osteoporosis
IHD
Stroke
Thyrotoxic crisis

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11
Q

Thyrotoxicosis vs hyperthyroidism?

A

Thyrotoxicosis: high level of T hormones in the blood

Hyperthyroid: over-active thyroid

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12
Q

Symptoms of thyrotoxic crisis?

A 
Pyrexia
Vomiting
Jaundice
Delirium
Seizures
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13
Q

Which drugs can cause hyperthyroidism?

A

Amiodarone
Lithium
Interferon-alpha

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14
Q

Causes of hypothyroidism?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Iodine deficiency
Drugs
Pregnancy

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15
Q

What’s Hashimotos?

A

Autoimmune disease, where auto-antibodies attack the thyroid gland, causing inflammation and poor functioning

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16
Q

What are some Hashimoto’s specific features (symptoms and blood results)?

A

Painless irregular goitre

Anti TPO antibodies

17
Q

How does iodine deficiency cause hypothyroidism?

A

Iodine is needed to make up T3 and T4

18
Q

Clinical features of hypothyroidism?

A 
Weight gain
Constipation
Cold intolerance
Menorrhagia
Fatigue, lethargy
Low libido
Memory impairment
19
Q

Management of hypothyroidism?

A

Levo-thyroxine (artificial T4)

20
Q

What are the proper names for T3 and 4?

A

T3: triiodothyronine

T4: thyroxine

21
Q

Complications of hypothyroidism?

A

Hyperlipidaemia

Hyponatraemia

GP (13 decks)

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