Thyroid Flashcards
1 Limit testing for thyroid disease to appropriate patients, namely those with a significant pre-test probability of abnormal results, such as: - those with classic signs or symptoms of thyroid disease. - those whose symptoms or signs are not classic, but who are at a higher risk for disease (e.g., the elderly, postpartum women, those with a history of atrial fibrillation, those with other endocrine disorders). 2 In patients with established thyroid disease, do not check thyroid-stimulating horm
What are the physical exam signs that suggest hyperthyroidism?
1- Lid Lag
2- Proptosis
3- Periorbital Edema
4- Hair Loss
5- Goiter
6- Thyroid Tenderness
7- Thyroid Nodules
8- Thyroid bruit
9- Tachycardia, Atrial Fibrillation
10- Widened pulse presure
11- Hypertension
12- Fine tremor
13 - Edema, pretibial myxedema,
14- muscle weakness
15- Amenorrhea
What are symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?
1- Heat Intolerance
2- Palpitations
3-Irritability
4- Insomnia
5- Anxiety
6- Restlessness
What risk factors exist for the development of hyperthyroidism?
1- Diffuse/nodular gaiter
2- Type 1 DM
3- Autoimmune Disorder
4- Family History
5- Medications such as amiodarone, lithium and iodide.
What are the causes of Hyperthyroidism, and the relative frequencies of the most common ones?
1- Graves disease - 60-80%
2- Toxic Multinodular Goiter - 5%
3- Toxic Adenoma
4- Thyroiditis (Can be subacute or postpartum)
5 -Treatment-Induced
6- Tumour
What is Graves disease?
Autoimmune disorder, caused by development of antibodies against the TSH receptor –> increases synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones as a result.
Which two causes of hyperthyroidism occur as a result of iodine deficiency and in which populations do they present?
Toxic Adenoma - usually younger patients
Toxic Multinodular Goiter - usually >40 years old, has an insidious onset
