Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MELS301 > Thyroid > Flashcards

Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

What does the thyroid produce

A

T3
T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T3 vs T4 - potency and rate of secretion

A

T3 is 4 times more potent
Rate of secretion is less T3, T4 is 10 fold for secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T3 vs 4 - onset of action and half life

A

T3 onset of action is rapid, T4 slow
T3 - 3 days
T4 - 7day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T3 and 4 - storage and inactivation

A

T3 less is stored, T4 more is stored
Inactivation is rapid T3 and very slow for T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions of T3 and T4 hormones

A

Increase basal metabolic rate - more oxygen consumed by tissues
Stimulate growth in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Other lesser functions of thyroid hormones

A

Effecting body temp, weight
Metabolism of protein/carbs/fats vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does thyroid hormone circulate

A

99% is bound to other proteins like albumin and TBG
FREE hormone is the active form
Reverse reaction to bound takes less energy so more is bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to T3/T4 when albumin is increased

A

Increase in bound T3/T4 but not free form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Order of thyroid hormone release

A

Hypothalamus releases TRH
TRH acts on pituitary glands to release TSH
TSH acts on thyroid to release T3/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TSH can be measured bc

A

It’s in your blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does euthyroid mean

A

Normal thyroid function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primary thyroid disorder

A

Dysfunction happening in the thyroid
Leads to an increase/decrease in T3/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of primary thyroid conditions

A

Graves’ disease
Hashimoto and iodine dysfuntion
Thyroid adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Secondary thyroid conditions comes from

A

Dysfunction outside the thyroid but affects the thyroid
Leads to increased or decreased T3/T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Graves’ disease

A

Autoimmune
Hyperthyroidism
Enlarged thyroid, cells increase in eyes too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clincial symptoms of Graves’ disease

A

Too much T3/T4
Anxiety, irritable
Tremor of hands
Heat sensitivity - swearing/warm skin
Weight loss
Frequent bowl movements
Bulging eyes from autoimmune part
Fatigue
Irregular heartbeat

17
Q

Aetiology of graves

A

Autoimmune so autoantibodies from an unknown cause bind to thyroid receptors and cause an overproduction in hormones

18
Q

Clinical presentation of hypothyroidism

A

Fatigue and sluggish
Increase sensitivity to cold
Pale dry skin
Unexplained weight gain
Muscle weakness
Constipation

19
Q

Hypothyroidism risks

A

Goitre
Increased risk of CVD - high LDL
Increased risk of lymphoma

20
Q

What is hashimotos disease

A

Autoimmune disease
Thyroid gland is gradually destroyed
Hypothyroidism

21
Q

Who has hashimotos disease

A

Women over 40
But can affect anyone

22
Q

Other name for hashimotos disease

A

Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis
Inflammation
Lymphocytes in the thyroid = increase risk of lymphoma

23
Q

Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy consequences

A

Neo natal hypothyroidism
Infant mortality
Developmental delays

24
Q

Who needs higher intake of iodine

A

Pregnant and lactating women

25
Q

Goiter presentation

A

Majority asymptomatic and euthyroid but increased TSH levels
Hypothyroidism and hyperoidism later

26
Q

Intial phase of goiter/iodine deficiency

A

Decrease in T3/T4
Increase in TSH feedback loop to compensate
Leads to euthyroid state

27
Q

How does goiter happen

A

Increase in TSH long term is damaging
Oxidative damage to follicular cells
DNA damage
Hyperplasia (could be of T3/T4 producing cells or not which determines if hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism)
Progressive

28
Q

Adenoma effect on thyroid

A

Benign
Tumour could be T3/T4 producing or not - so could be hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism

29
Q

Radioactive imagining - Graves’ disease

A

Hyperthyroidism
More iodine uptake
Diffused increase in both lobes

30
Q

Goiter radioactive imaging

A

Cold nodules - don’t take up iodine
Toxic some take up radioactive iodine
One big lobe and other colder

31
Q

Toxic Adenoma imaging

A

One large nodule

32
Q

Diagnosis of thyroid related conditions

A

Clinical symptoms
Measure total and free T4 and TSH

33
Q

T4 and TSH levels for each condition

A

Hyperthyroidism- low TSH, high T4
Hypothyroidism- high TSH, low T4
Secondary - both low

MELS301 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions