Thurs Aug 29 Flashcards
Communication breakdown may involve ____ ____ ____ or ____defects
language
speech
cognitive
swallowing
The 3 components of cognition
attention
memory
executive function
The 5 attention requirements
orientation
sustained
selective
alternating
divided
Orientation is the ability to ____
respond
Orientation recovers in the _____ stages after brain damage
early
T/F you are always using orientation memory
true unless you are in a coma, or extremely impaired
sustained attention is the ability to ____
maintain focus
selective attention is the ability to _____
attend to a task in the presence of (visual/auditory) distractions
alternating attention is the ability to ____
shift attention between tasks
divided attention is the ability to____
manage multiple cognitive demands
Folding clothes while watching TV is an example of ____ attention
divided attention
Pausing cooking to change the laundry is an example of _____ attention
alternating attention
Listening to your conversation amongst a noisy coffee shop is ____ attention
selective attention
The neurophysiology of orientation attention is the
dorsal/posterior attention system
The dorsal/posterior system is activated when?
always activated (always on)
The neurophysiology of sustained and selective attention is
ventral/anterior system
prefrontal cortex
the ventral/anterior system is activated when?
activated based on need (not always activated)
What are the 3 types of memory
- short term memory
- long term memory
- working memory
What is short term memory?
temporary storage of memory for a few minutes/hours
What is longterm memory?
permanent story of memory
What is working memory?
storage for immediate processing and manipulation
T/F working memory is a subset of short term memory?
True
Eg of short term memory
Story retelling
Eg of longterm memory
your name, core events
Eg of working memory
when told a list of numbers, the ability to recite them backwards
What are the types of memory (all involving long-term memory)
episodic memory
procedural memory
What is episodic memory?
recall specific, expirienced events
What is procedural memory?
memory of sequence of actions
EG of episodic memory
recalling dinner last night
EG of procedural memory
playing the piano
The neurophysiology of memory is composed of ____, ____, and _____
encoding
storage
retrival
Memory encoding refers to
initial processing of information
Phonological encoding for words and graphic encoding for pictures takes place where
Thalamus
Frontal lobe
(Encoding) Language processing systems are located where
temporal-parietal lobes
(Encoding) Visual processing systems are located where
occipital lobe
The thalamus is the ____ of the brain
relay station
Where is short term memory stored
hippocampus
Where is longterm memory stored
b/l medial temporal lobe
Memory retrieval takes place where
frontal lobe
What is the difference between anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia?
anterograde amnesia: loss of memory for events after injury
retrograde amnesia: loss of memory for events before injury
T/F Retrograde amnesia is usually permanent
False, usually temporary
Executive function is _____-order function that uses ______ & _____ to complete tasks
higher-order
attention & memory
What are the 4 components of EF
- inhibition
- planning
- organizing
- problem-solving
Neurophysiology of the EF is mainly the
pre-frontal coretx
when referring to the nuerophysiology of EF, the ____ directs and controls _____
prefrontal cortex
regions of sensorimotor activity
Receptive language _____ of symbols
comphresion
Expressive language ____ of symbols
production
Language area controlling motor planning for speech
Brocas area #45, #45
Brocas area (_____ language)
expressive
Auditory comprehension area
Wernikes area #22
Semantic processing of words during reading
angular gyrus #39
Phonological processing of words during reading
supra-marginal gyrus #40
angular gyrus #39 or supramarginal area #40?
someone who has an injury an now can only silent read and cannot read out loud has damage where?
.
supramargnial gyrus #40
angular gyrus #39 or supramarginal area #40?
somebody who cannot understand the words they are reading has damage where?
angular gyrus #39
