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GEO 4 > Thunderstorms > Flashcards

Thunderstorms Flashcards

1
Q

convective storm that produces lightning and thunder characterized by strong up and down movement within the cloud

A

Thunderstorm

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2
Q

Thunderstorms form, when

A

humid air rises in an unstable environment
Usually 2 lifting mechanisms

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3
Q

discharge of electricity between thunderstorm cloud and ground or between two thunderstorm clouds

A

Lightning

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4
Q

most frequent 80% of all lightning

A

Cloud to cloud

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5
Q

Less frequent 20% of all lightning

A

Cloud to ground

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6
Q

conditions to get lightning to form

A

Clouds must extend above freezing level
Clouds must produce precipitation
Charges must separate within the cloud

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7
Q

separation of charges
Lighter particles bring positive charge to type of cloud
Heavier particles bring negative charge the base of cloud

A

Stage one

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8
Q

step leader forms
Negative charges start to step down from cloud toward positively charge surface

A

Step two

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9
Q

streamer forms
Positive charges at surface start to stretch upward toward cloud

A

Stage three

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10
Q

return stroke
Negative charges make contact with a positive charge is near the ground
Bright flash starts from surface up
Negative charges, drained from base of cloud

A

Stage four

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11
Q

dart leader forms
negative charges start to step down from cloud toward positively charge surface, using the same channel as the step leader

A

stage five

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12
Q

return stroke
Negative charges make contact with a positive charge is near the ground
Bright flash starts from surface up
Negative charges, drained from base of cloud

A

Stage six

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13
Q

total discharge takes around — seconds, and consists of multiple return strokes

A

0.2 seconds.

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14
Q

sound waves produced when super heated air from lightning expands explosively
Speed of light much faster than speed of sound
For every five seconds between lightning and thunder, 1 mile from storm

A

Thunder

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15
Q

self extinguishing storms caused by unequal heating of service
mT air masses
Short-lived
Typical and warm, humid summer days

A

Air mass thunderstorms

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16
Q

self propagating storms caused by frontal lifting
Long lasting
Produce high winds, hell, flash, floods, and or tornadoes
10% of all US thundersto

A

Severe thunderstorms

17
Q

three main stages of an air mass thunderstorm

A

Cumulus
mature
Dissipating

18
Q

updrafts, dominate cloud grows inside, due to continuous supply of warm, moist and latent heat released as air rises and cools adiabeticaly
no precipitation

A

Cumulus stage

19
Q

updrafts and downdrafts present
Cloud grows to top of troposphere
precipitation, initiates, downdraft
Most intense phase of thunderstorm

A

Mature stage

20
Q

down draft dominate
Entrainment
Moisture supply is cut off, and cloud starts to disappear
Precipitation, weakens

A

Dissipating stage

21
Q

Bringing in dry air from surrounding atmosphere

A

Entrainment

22
Q

In order to be classified as severe thunderstorm have to meet one of the criteria

A

Winds above 58 mph
Hail, 0.75 inches.
Tornado produced

23
Q

tilt it up and down draft support each other
Form in areas with strong wind shear

A

Severe thunderstorms

24
Q

differing wind speeds, or directions at different heights in the atmosphere

A

Windshear

25
Q

dance cool air from downdraft spreads beneath cumulonimbus cloud
Gust front

A

Severe thunderstorms

26
Q

leading edge of outflow and downdraft acts like front, lifting, warm air ahead of thunderstorm

A

gust front

27
Q

three main types of severe thunderstorm

A

supercell
Squall line
MCC

28
Q

Single powerful cell containing just one updraft

A

Supercell

29
Q

Temperature inversions, can aid production of supercells buy inhibiting, smaller storms
Convention prevented by inversion

A

Supercell

30
Q

narrow band of individual thunderstorms
Forms and warm sector of mid latitude, cyclone ahead of cold front due to dryline

A

Squall lines

31
Q

Narrow zone of abrupt humidity change, where mT and cT air converge in the warm sector of mid latitude cyclone

A

Dryline

32
Q

Group of individuals, thunderstorms organized into an oval shaped cluster
Frequently found in great plains in migrate east with upper air Winds

A

MCC
Mesoscale convective complexes

33
Q

downdraft from each cell ask to create new cell northern most cells, die out while new cells created a long, southern boundary

A

Mesoscale convective complexes

34
Q

Area of strong straight line winds in association with a severe thunderstorm
Capable of producing as much damage does a tornado
Affect at least 240 miles worth of surface area

A

Derecho

35
Q

Lightning safety

A

Lightning can strike up to 10 miles from thunderstorm
Safest place inside
Stay away from tall objects

GEO 4 (5 decks)

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