Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systems: Haematology + Immunology > Thrombotic Disorders > Flashcards

Thrombotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the elements of haemostasis?

A
  • Primary haemostasis
  • Blood coagulation
  • Fibrinolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is involved in primary haemostasis?

A
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Platelet adhesion
  • Platelet aggregation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is involved in coagulation?

A
  • Insoluble fibrin formation

- Fibrin cross-linking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does fibrinolysis take place?

A
  • Urokinase, tPA and factor XII convert plasminogen to plasmin
  • Plasmin converts fibrin to fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thrombus

A

Clot arising in the wrong place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thromboembolism

A

Movement of clot along a vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 components of Virchow’s triad?

A
  • Stasis
  • Hypercoagulability
  • Vessel damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What contribute to stasis?

A
  • Bed rest

- Travel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What contributes to vessel damage?

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What contributes to hypercoagulability?

A
  • Pregnancy

- Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 types of thrombosis?

A
  • Arterial
  • Venous
  • Microvascular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an arterial clot formed of?

A

White clot= platelets and fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do arterial clots result in?

A

Ischaemia and infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are arterial clots usually secondary to?

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give examples of arterial thromboembolism.

A

Coronary thrombosis

  • MI
  • Unstable angina

Cerebrovascular thromboembolism

  • Stroke
  • Transient ischaemia

Peripheral embolism
-Limb ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the risk factors fro arterial thrombosis?

A
  • Age
  • Smoking
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Obesity
  • Hypercholesterolaemia
17
Q

How is arterial thrombosis managed?

A

Primary prevention

  • Lifestyle modification
  • Treatment of vascular risk factors

Acute presentation

  • Thrombolysis
  • Antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs

Secondary prevention

18
Q

What are venous thrombi formed of?

A

Red thrombus= fibrin and RBC

19
Q

What does venous thrombosis result in?

A

Back pressure

20
Q

What is venous thrombosis principally due to?

A

Stasis and hypercoagulability

21
Q

Give examples of venous thromboembolism.

A

Limb deep vein thrombosis

  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Visceral venous thrombosis
  • Intracranial venous thrombosis
  • Superficial thrombophlebitis
22
Q

What are the risk factors for venous thrombosis (stasis and hypercoagulability)?

A
  • Increasing age
  • Pregnancy
  • Hormonal therapy (COCT/HRT)
  • Tissue trauma
  • Immobility
  • Surgery
  • Obesity
  • Systemic disease
  • Family history
23
Q

What systemic diseases are associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis?

A

Cancer

Myeloproliferative neoplasm

Autoimmune disease

  • Inflammatory bowel disease
  • Connective tissue disease e.g SLE
  • Antiphospholipid syndrome: arterial and venous thrombosis
24
Q

How is venous thrombosis diagnosed?

A

Pretest probability scoring

  • Wells score
  • Geneva score

Lab test if probability low
-D-dimer

Imaging

  • Doppler US
  • V/Q scan
  • CT pulmonary angiogram
25
Q

What is the aim of management in venous thrombosis?

A
  • Prevent clot extension
  • Prevent clot embolisation
  • Prevent clot recurrence in long term treatment
26
Q

What drugs can be given for venous thrombosis?

A

Anticoagulants

  • LMWH
  • Coumarins (warfarin)
  • DOACs

Thrombolysis only in selected cases
-Massive PE

27
Q

Heritable thrombophilia

A

An inherited predisposition to venous thrombosis

28
Q

Give examples of common heritable thrombophilia’s.

A
  • Factor V Leiden

- Prothrombin G20210A

29
Q

Give examples of rare heritable thrombophilias.

A
  • Antithrombin deficiency
  • Protein C deficiency
  • Protein S deficiency
30
Q

What is the clinical utility of screening for heritable thrombophilias?

A
  • Majority are not predictive of recurrent event
  • Screening of asymptomatic family members not recommended
  • Limited thrombophilia screening: restricted to high risk heritable thrombophilia (antithrombin deficiency)
31
Q

What are microvascular clots formed of?

A

Platelets and/or fibrin

32
Q

What does microvascular thrombus result in?

A

Diffuse ischaemia

33
Q

What does microvascular thrombus principally occur in?

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

34
Q

What is DIC?

A

Diffuse systemic coagulation activation

35
Q

What does DIC occur in?

A
  • Septicaemia
  • Malignancy
  • Eclampsia
36
Q

What does DIC cause?

A
  • Gangrene

- Organ failure

37
Q

What causes bleeding in DIC?

A

Consumption of platelets and clotting factors leads to bleeding

Systems: Haematology + Immunology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions