Throat Pathology

Question 1

common causes of acute tonsilitis

Answer 1

mostly vial: EBV (glandular fever), rhinovirus, influenza

bacterial: group A beta haemolytic strep

Question 2

scoring systems used to differentiate viral from bacterial tonsilitis and what does it take into account

Answer 2

FeverPAIN
Centor

fever, purulence, attend rapidly, esverly inflamed tonsils, no cough

higher score = likely bacterial

Question 3

what is quinsy + pathophysiology

Answer 3

peritonsillar abscess, a complication of acute tonsilitis: bacteria between muscle and tonsil -> pus in fibrous capsule

Question 4

key sign of quinsy

Answer 4

deviated uvula due to enlarged tonsil

Question 5

what can follow quinsy

Answer 5

deep neck infection if not drained and treated with antibiotics

Question 6

cause of glandular fever

Answer 6

EBV

Question 7

key differences between bacterial tonsilitis and glandular fever

Answer 7

glandular fever = lymph nodes in neck, HUGE tonsils, in 20s, membranous exudate, greater malaise, fever

Question 8

investigations for glandular fever

Answer 8

monospot (for EBV antigen IgM) - tells if current or prev infection

serology: atypical lymphocytes

can have derranged LFTs

Question 9

what should you not give in glandular fever

Answer 9

amoxicillin or ampicillin as will get rash

Question 10

zone perameters for neck laceration

Answer 10

zone 1: cricoid to sternum (high death rate if here)
zone 2: cricoid to hyoid
zone 3: hyoid to skull base

Question 11

causes of laryngeal polyps

Answer 11

smoking
vocal abuse
infection

Question 12

squamous papilloma disease risk facotr

Answer 12

HPV 6 and 11

this is a benign disease of larynx

Question 13

commonest cause of obstructive sleep apnoea in children

Answer 13

adenotonsillar hypertrophy (remove adenoids)

Question 14

common cause of acute epiglotitis

Answer 14

haem influenza type B

Question 15

what foreign body is especially worrying and should be immediately removed?

Answer 15

battery