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Throat pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What mucosa is present superior to vocal cords?

A

Squamous epithelium

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2
Q

What mucosa is present superior to vocal cords?

A

Squamous epithelium

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3
Q

What does the mucosa change to after the vocal cords?

A

Respiratory epithelium

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4
Q

What kind of gland is the salivary gland?

A

Exocrine

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5
Q

What causes laryngeal polyps?

A

Vocal abuse
Smoking
infection

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6
Q

What can form due to GORD?

A

Contact ulcer

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7
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Break in the epithelium below the basement membrane

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8
Q

How do ulcers heal?

A

Granulation tissue by fibroblasts and vascular proliferation

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9
Q

What tumour is related to HPV?

A

Squamous papilloma

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10
Q

At what age is squamous papilloma common?

A

Under 5

20-40

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11
Q

Which HPV strains may squamous papilloma be related to?

A

type 6 & 11

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12
Q

What is a paraganglioma?

A

Tumour arrising in neuroendocrine cells

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13
Q

What are the two types of paraganglioma?

A

Chromaffin positive

Chromaffin negative

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14
Q

Describe a chromaffin positive paraganglioma

A

Sympathetic nervous system.
Secretes adrenaline
Adrenal medulla or paravertebral

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15
Q

Give an example of a chromaffin positive paraganglioma

A

Phaechromocytoma

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16
Q

Where do chromaffin negative paragangliomas affect?

A

Above the diaphragm

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17
Q

Paragangliomas are associated with what condition?

A

MEN2

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18
Q

Are paraganglioma malignant?

A

Can be

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19
Q

What malignant tumour can form, mainly due to smoking and alcohol in the oral cavity?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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20
Q

What are sialothiasis?

A

Stones on the salivary glands

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21
Q

What virus causes mumps?

A

Paramyxovirus

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22
Q

Where is the most likely place to get a tumour?

A

Parotid gland

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23
Q

What nerve runs through the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve

24
Q

Where are malignant tumours likely to be located?

A

Small glands

25
What is the most common benign tumour of a salivary gland?
Pleomorphic adenoma
26
Who is most associated with pleomorphic adenoma?
Females over 60 with a long history of parotid issues
27
Which benign tumour, associated with males over 50, is associated with smoking?
Warthins tumour
28
What is the most common malignant tumour of the salivary glands?
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
29
What is the prognosis for adenoid cystic carcinoma?
35% at 5 years
30
What does the mucosa change to after the vocal cords?
Respiratory epithelium
31
What kind of gland is the salivary gland?
Exocrine
32
What causes laryngeal polyps?
Vocal abuse Smoking infection
33
What can form due to GORD?
Contact ulcer
34
What is an ulcer?
Break in the epithelium below the basement membrane
35
How do ulcers heal?
Granulation tissue by fibroblasts and vascular proliferation
36
What tumour is related to HPV?
Squamous papilloma
37
At what age is squamous papilloma common?
Under 5s | 20-40
38
Which HPV strains may it be related to?
type 6 & 11
39
What is a paraganglioma?
Tumour arrising in neuroendocrine cells
40
What are the two types of paraganglioma?
Chromaffin positive | Chromaffin negative
41
Describe a chromaffin positive paraganglioma
Sympathetic nervous system. Secretes adrenaline Adrenal medulla or paravertebral
42
Give an example of a chromaffin positive paraganglioma
Phaechromocytoma
43
Where do chromaffin negative paragangliomas affect?
Above the diaphragm
44
Paragangliomas are associated with what condition?
MEN2
45
Are paraganglioma malignant?
Can be
46
What malignant tumour can form, mainly due to smoking and alcohol in the oral cavity?
Squamous cell carcinoma
47
What are sialothiasis?
Stones on the salivary glands
48
What virus causes mumps?
Paramyxovirus
49
Where is the most likely place to get a tumour?
Parotid gland
50
What nerve runs through the parotid gland?
Facial nerve
51
Where are malignant tumours likely to be located?
Small glands
52
What is the most common benign tumour of a salivary gland?
Pleomorphic adenoma
53
Who is most associated with pleomorphic adenoma?
Females over 60 with a long history of parotid issues
54
Which benign tumour, associated with males over 50, is associated with smoking?
Warthins tumour
55
What is the most common malignant tumour of the salivary glands?
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
56
What is the prognosis for adenoid cystic carcinoma?
35% at 5 years

ENT Accessory (16 decks)

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