throat Flashcards
what is a brachial cyst
development defect of branchial arteries –> cyst
what are branchial cysts at increased risk of
fistula –> infection
where/ when do branchial cysts present
12-18 // symptomatic lateral neck lump // anterior to sternocleoidomastoid mucle
o/e branchial cyst
unilateral (usually left) // anterior to sternocleoidomastoid mucle // slow growing // smooth + fluctuating // non tender // do NOT move on swallowing
invx branchial cyst
refer to ENT, USS +/- FNA (exclude cancer)
how does thyroglossal cyst develop
thyroid develops from floor of pharynx and descends, connected to tongue by thyroglossal duct // duct normally atrophies but if not –> cyst
symptoms thyroglossalcyst
patients <20 // midline between isthmus of thyroid _ hyoid // moves up with protrusion of tongue
where do dermoid cysts occur
sites of embyronic developmental fusion - eg midline of neck
which nerve may be damaged in thyroid surgery
recurrent largyngeal (branch of X)
complication of bleeding in thyroid surgery
confined haematoma –> laryngeal oedema –> resp compromise
what might damage to the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery result in
hypocalcaemia
causes of hoarseness
voice overuse // smoking // viral illness // hypothyrid // GORD // cancer
early invx hoarseness
CXR for lung tumour (pancoast tumour on recurrent laryngeal)
what is Laryngopharyngeal reflux
GORD –> inflamm changes of larynx
symptoms Laryngopharyngeal reflux
globus (feeling of something stuck in throat) // hoarseness // cough // dysphagia
red flag symptoms Laryngopharyngeal reflux
unilateral symptoms // dysphagia or odynophagia (pain with food> saliva) // persistent hoarseness
mx Laryngopharyngeal reflux
PPI // gaviscon
what causes reactive lymphadenopathy
infection
symptoms lymphoma
rubbery, painless lymphadenopathy // pain on alcohol // night sweats + splenogemaly
symptoms pharyngeal pouch
older men // dysphagia, regurg, aspiration, chronic cough, bad breath // neck swelling that gurgles
what is a pharngeal pouch
herniation of pharynx
invx + mx pharnygeal pouch
barium swallow –> surgery
what is a cystic hygroma
kids <2 // left side of neck // soft, non-tender, transilluminates
symptoms cervical rib
adult female // lump at bottom of neck // thoracic outflow syndrome - weak + numb arm
symptoms head and neck cancer
neck lump // hoarseness // sore throat // mouth ulcer
criteria for suspected laryngeal cancer referral
45+ + unexplained hoarseness OR unexplained neck lump
