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Clinical Pathology Exam 2 > Thrall Material > Flashcards

Thrall Material Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnosis in Dehydrated Patient with Increased PCV, Increased Albumin, Increased Creatinine and BUN, and Low Specific Gravity (1.011)

A

Renal Failure

*Patient is Dehydrated and unable to Concentrate Urine.

(This Patient had Ingested Anti-Freeze leading to Renal Failure)

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1
Q

Test to Confirm Chylous Effusion

A

Triglyceride Ratio

*Fluid Triglyceride has Greater Concentration than Serum Triglyceride

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1
Q

Spindle Shaped Cells with Variably Sized Multiple Nuclei on the Imprint of a Liver Mass. What type of Cells are these?

A

Sarcoma Cells

*Neoplastic Cells

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2
Q

Antifreeze Poisoning interferes with the Kidneys ability to Concentrate the Urine leading to Extereme _____

A

Dehydration

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3
Q

8 Year Old Patient Presents with Lethargy and PU/PD. PCV and Reticulocytes are Above the Reference Range and Total Protein is Normal. What Kind of Polycythemia is occuring?

A

Inappropriate Absolute Polycythemia

*Serum Erythropoeitin Levels are Increased and the Patient is not Hypoxic.

Possible Kidney Tumor or Cyst

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3
Q

What Tube will you use to Collect Transudate and Exudate Fluid?

A

Purple Top

*Anti-coagulant in case it Clots

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3
Q

Mixed types of Bacteria within Abdominal Fluid. The Source of Bacteria is Certainly the _____

A

GI Tract

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3
Q

Fine Needle Aspirate of Inflammatory Lesion with Filamentous Bacteria and Neutrophils. Two most Likely Bacteria

A

Nocardia

Actinomyces

*Common Bacteria in Abcesses that Normally come from Penetrating Foreign Bodies

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3
Q

Malignant Tumors of Mesenchymal Cell Origin

A

Sarcoma

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3
Q

Enzyme that is a Better indicator for Cholestasis in Cats

A

GGT

*Except for Hepatic Lipidosis

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4
Q

Body Cavity Effusion and the Total protein is 3.5 and the Cell count is 5000. How would you Categorize the Fluid?

A

Modified Transudate

*Not enough cells to be an Exudate and borderline with Protein. Transudate that has been modified by the Presence of cells and Protein.

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5
Q

_____ Proteins are commonly found in Urine with Laboratory Findings in Multiple Myelomas

A

Bence Jones

*Not picked up by Dip-Sticks

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5
Q

When Doing a Fine Needle Aspirate Preparation, keep it away from _____, because it interferes with the Wright Staining

A

Formalin

*Formalin Fumes will Interfere

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6
Q

Protozoal disease Transmitted by Sandflies primarily in Foxhounds. Within the Protozal organism there is a Nucleus and Kinetoplast

A

Leishmaniasis

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6
Q

Body Cavity Effusion with 100,000 cells that are all Neutrophils. What is the Cause of the Effusion?

A

Bacterial Peritonitis

*Suppurative Inflammation

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6
Q

Enzyme that is considered Liver Specific, except may increase in Very Severe muscle Injury, that increases by 12 hours Post Injury with a Half life of 72 hours in Dogs

A

ALT

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7
Q

True/False: Imprints of Tissue work well on Ulcerated Lesions

A

False

*Do not Imprint Ulcerative Lesions

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8
Q

True/False: When Making a Fine Needle Aspirate Preparation, it is best Not to Refrigerate Slides, Not to make Squirt Preparations, Not to Wipe off Oil if Staining, and to Avoid Fingerprints on Slides

A

True

*Want to Avoid All of these things

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9
Q

What Type of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia is more Common in both Dogs and Cats?

A

T-Cell

*More common than B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemias

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9
Q

Immunoglobulins released in Multiple Myelomas can result in _____ of the Blood

A

Hyperviscosity

*Blood becomes Thick and Decreased Blood Flow to Organs- Neurologic problems secondary to Increased Viscosity

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9
Q

Three Interpretations about Liver we can make when looking at Biochemical Profile

A

Heptocellular Injury

Cholestasis

Liver Failure

*KNOW this

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10
Q

Differential for Lymph Node with Greater than 50% Lymphoblasts

A

Lymphoma

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11
Q

2 Year Old cat with Anorexia, Weight loss, and Dyspnea. The Patient has a Thoracic Effusion. On Microscopy you exam Discrete Round Cells with a lot of Nucleus and Little Cytoplasm. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Lymphoma

*Lymphoblasts in the Effusion

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11
Q

Cat with a Very high CK value and an Increased AST. ALT is marginally High. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Severe Muscle Damage

*CK would be closer to 2500 if due to Anorexia in a Cat. ALT is probably coming from Muscle as well with a CK that high. Cat had a Severe Leg Wound

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13
Q

Patient with Increased PCV and Retics. Arterial Oxygen and Erythropoietin are Normal. What Kind of Polycythemia is most Likely occuring?

A

Primary Polycythemia

*Polycythemia Vera- Myeloproliferative Disorder

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13
Q

True/False: Multiple Myeloma may lead to Neurological Signs due to Hyperviscosity of Blood

A

True

*Blood isn’t getting to the Brain

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13
Q

_____ Neutrophils are suggestive of Bacteria

A

Degenerate

*Bacterial Toxins cause Neutrophils to fall apart

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14
Q

Difference between Serum Protein and Plasma Protein

A

Fibrinogen

*about 200mg/dl

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15
Q

Best Preparation Technique with Body fluids to Avoid Breaking of Cells

A

Pull Film Preparation

*Cell Distribution will be Even

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15
Q

Only Effusion that will have more Globulin in them than Albumin

A

Feline Infectious Peritonitis

*High Protein/ Low Cell Count

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15
Q

Induced Enyzme of Cholestasis that is Associated with Epithelial cells in Bile Duct System

A

GGT

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16
Q

Which Immunoglobulin tends to Lead to Hyperviscosity in Multiple Myeloma

A

IgM

*IgG doesn’t lead to Much Hyperviscosity

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16
Q

When removing Fluid from the Thoracic cavity, it is best to use a ____, rather than a needle

A

Catheter

*Don’t want to Puncture the Lungs with a Needle

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16
Q

If a Patient has an Increased ALP Without Hyperbilirubinemia, what two Differentials should we be Suspecting?

A

Steroid

Anticonvulsant

*We expect to see Hyperbilirubinemia as well if ALP is increased due to Cholestasis

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17
Q

True/False: Ethylene Glycol Metabolites are toxic to Renal Epithelial cells

A

True

*Can see High Glucose levels in animals with Anti-Freeze toxicity

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17
Q

Inflammation with Predominantly Neutrophils in Fluid

A

Suppurative

*Neutrophilic Inflammation

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17
Q

True/False: Magnitude of Enzyme Activity in the Serum Gives and Indication in the Sererity of Damage to the Cells

A

False!!!

*Magnitude of Enzyme in the Serum does not Give Indication of Cell Damage

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17
Q

Primary Enzyme that we Look at for Muscle Damage that is Muscle Specific

A

Creatine Kinase

*Can be Skeletal, Heart or Smooth Muscle- but is Muscle Specific

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17
Q

CK is Very High, AST is Increased and the Horse is Azotemic and Albumin is Increased. His Urine Specific Gravity is 1.045. Is this Pre-renal or Renal Azotemia?

A

Pre-Renal

*He is Concentrating his Urine

*Hyperalbuminemia due to Dehydration

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17
Q

_____ Enzymes are a signs of Hepatocellular Damage

A

Leakage

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18
Q

Liver Specific Enzyme of Large Animals used to Asses Presence of Hepatocellular Damage with a Very Short Half Life in Vitro

A

SDH

*Disadvantage- Short Half Life

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19
Q

What Fluid does this Describe:

  1. Cloudy Appearance
  2. Total Protein Greater than 3 g/dl
  3. Nucleated Cell Count Greater than 6,000/ul
  4. Clot Formation
A

Exudate

*Cell Count Usually Greater than 25,000

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19
Q

Abdominal Fluid from a Horse with Predominately with Neutrophils and Some Red Cells and Macrophages. What Type of Inflammation is this?

A

Supporative/Neutrophilic

*Normal to have a few RBC’s in Effusions

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19
Q

Four Criteria of Malignancy

A

Variable Nuclear Size

Large Multiple Nucleoli

Abnormal Mitosis

Nuclear Molding

*Nucleoli will be larger than a Red Cell

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19
Q

2 Year Old cat with Anorexia, Weight loss, and Dyspnea. The Patient has a Thoracic Effusion. Is this a Transudate or an Exudate?

A

Exudate

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19
Q

4 Causes of Enlarged Lymph Nodes

A

Hyperplasia/ Reactive- Antigenic Stimulation

Lymphadenitis (Enflamed)

Metastatic Neoplasia

Primary Neoplasia- Lymphoma

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19
Q

Dog with Very High CK, Increased AST and slightly Increased ALT. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Muscle Damage

*CK and AST are high

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19
Q

Leakage Enzymes of Liver are Increased on Biochemical Profile

A

Hepatocellular Injury

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19
Q

Three Substances Synthesized by the Liver, used to Measure Liver Function

A

Albumin

Urea

Cholesterol

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20
Q

Paraproteins produced in Multiple Myelomas

A

IgG

IgA

Occasionally IgM

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22
Q

Leukemia is commonly Diagnosed via Flow Cytometry and ____ Antibody binding to Antigens

A

Monoclonal

*Identifies specifically what Kind of Cells are Present

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23
Q

Cat with Thoracic Effusion. Hepatocytes appear in Effusion Fluid. What is this Characteristic of?

A

Clinician Inadvertently Aspirated the Liver

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23
Q

Tumors characterized by their Round Appearance with Distinct Cytoplasmic Borders that are Individualized with No Cell to Cell Relationship

A

Round Cell Tumors

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24
Q

3 year Old horse that is Weak and Reluctant to Move. CK is 450 within the Reference Interval and AST is increased at 910.

A

E. 1 and 3

*CK would be Increased with Acute Muscle Damage. If Previous Muscle Damage then CK could have gone back to Normal while AST is still Increased

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25
Q

Enzyme that is Mainly Liver Specific but can also Increase in Severe Skeletal Muscle Injury

A

ALT

*“Liver Specific”- but in cases of SEVERE muscle Injury ALT may increase because 5% of ALT is found in Skeletal Muscle

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26
Q

Lymphoproliferative Disorder Characterized by a Long Duration and Small Lymphocytes that appear well Differentiated

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

*Lymphocytes look Normal

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26
Q

Increased Number of Plasma Cells in a Lymph Node, what Kind of Lymph Node?

A

Hyperplasia/ Reactive- Antigenically Stimulated

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27
Q

Lymphoproliferative Disorder characterized by Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Lymphocytosis, and Lymphoblasts in the Blood that carries a Poor Prognosis

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

*Rapid Progression and Poor Response to Therapy

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29
Q

Four Year old Dog with Dehydration, Increased BUN, Creatinine and Phosphorus. Is this Patient able to Concentrate its Urine?

A

No

*Isosthenuric- (between 0.008-0.012)- cannot Concentrate Urine

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29
Q

Liver Condition in Cats were ALP will increase while GGT will remain Normal

A

Hepatic Lipidosis

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30
Q

Enzyme that is induced with Cholestasis and Steroids, but not with Anticonvulsant Therapy

A

GGT

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31
Q

This Picture Represents a _____ Gamopathy

A

Monoclonal

*All protein was one Specific Kind of Immunoglobulin

*If the peak is 4x’s as long as it is wide, then it is probably a Monoclonal Gamopathy

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32
Q

Body Cavity Effusion and the Total Protein is less than 1g/dl and the Cell Count is 1000. Most Likely cause of Body Cavity Effusion

A

Hypoalbuminemia

*Pure Transudate- Very low Cell Count and Protein. Hypoalbuminemia causes Pure Transudates

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33
Q

If Patient has Lymphocytosis and all the Cells are either T or B cells, rather than a mixture, that is a very Diagnostic of _____

A

Leukemia

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33
Q

Lymph Node aspirate with 25% Plasma Cells, 2% Neutrophils, 10% Lymphoblasts and the remainder are small Lymphocytes. What is your most likely Diagnosis?

A

Reactive Lymph Node

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34
Q

Fluid Formed due to Impaired Blood or Lymph Flow

A

Modified Transudates

*Ex. Heart Failure

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34
Q

Alkaline Phophatase (ALP) Isoenzymes can Increase via What 3 Origins?

A

Bone Origin- Growing Animals

Liver Origin- Cholestasis Induced

Corticosteroid Induced

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35
Q

Renal Cysts and Tumors leading to Increased Erythropoiein Secretion causes _____ Absolute Polycythemia

A

Inappropriate

36
Q

Creatine Kinase is Significantly Increased as well as an Increase in AST. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Rhabdomyolysis

*These enzymes are coming from the Muscle- Muscle is undergoing Ischemic Necrosis due to Weight of the Cow

38
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemia is commonly Associated with What Virus in Cats?

A

Feline Leukemia Virus

39
Q

Horse with Red Urine. Serum is a Light Yellow Color. Urine SpGr is 1.30. Urine Blood is 3+ and Urine Sediment is Normal

A

A. Myoglobinuria

*USG is not Low enough to cause Hemolysis. Serum Color is Normal- myoglobin

40
Q

Primary Round Cell Tumor leading to Body Cavity Effusions

A

Lymphoma

40
Q

Enzyme released in Muscle injury that Increases Slowely, peaking around 24-36 hours post Injury with a Half Life of 12-50 Hours

A

AST

*Not Muscle Specific- Could come From Liver

42
Q

What Fluid does this Describe:

  1. Clear
  2. Total Protein Less than 1 g/dl
  3. Nucleated Cell Count Less than 1000/ul
  4. No Clot Formation
A

Pure Transudate

43
Q

Chronic Hypoxia leading to Increased Erythropoietin is known as _____ Absolute Polycythemia

A

Appropriate

*Ex. High Altitude

45
Q

Two Leakage Enzymes that are Specific to the Liver

A

ALT

AST

46
Q

Thoracic fluid from a Cat shows Round Cells with Large Nucleus and Little Cytoplasm. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Lymphoma

*aka Round Cell Tumors. Lymphocytes are Larger than Normal- Lymphoblasts

47
Q

Very Characterisitic finding of Fluid in Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

A

Protein

*Tons of Protein in the Fluid of Cats with FIP

48
Q

True/False: Cellular Piling and Variable Sizing is extermely Suggestive of Malignancy

A

True

*The cells will not be Uniform

49
Q

Main Criteria of Malignancy

A

Variability

*In size and shape

49
Q

CK is Very High, AST is Increased and the Horse is Azotemic and Albumin is Increased. Blood is 4+ but has no Red Cells on Urine Sediment. Why is the Blood Increased?

A

Hemoglobinuria or Myoglobinuria

*USG is not low enough to cause Lysis of Red Cells. Most Likely Myeloglobinuria being released from Dead or Dying Muscle due to Severe Exercise

49
Q

Substance that is Increased in Production due to RBC Destruction, Decreased Uptake or Conjugation by the Liver, or Blockage of Bile Flow (Cholestasis)

A

Bilirubin

*May increase due to Liver Disease

50
Q

Four Diagnostic Findings in Multiple Myeloma

A

Monoclonal Gammopathy

Increased Plasma Cells in Bone Marrow

Lytic Lesions in Bones

Bence-Jones Proteins in Urine

50
Q

True/False: Lymph Nodes that are draining the GI tract, including the mouth, are commonly Reactive

A

True

*Coming in Contact with a lot of Antigens

51
Q

Two Primary Induced Enzymes

A

ALP

GGT

53
Q

Airway Washing from a Dog with Eosinophil Granules, Degenerate Neutrophils, and Lymphocytes. What should you look around for?

A

Bacteria

*Degenerate Neutrophils. If no Bacteria then Neutrophils are probably Just Aged and Falling apart

53
Q

Initially Chylous Effusion, is characterized by small ______ and Broken Cells

A

Lymphocytes

*Lipid causes the Cells to Break

53
Q

Enzyme that is Present in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle as well as Hepatocytes

A

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

*Not Organ Specific

57
Q

Patient has Abodminal Effusion. Patient had Acute Blood loss due to Exploratory Abdominal Surgery leading to Decreased PCV and Total Protein. Severe Neutropenia with Inflammatory Leukogram. What is the DIagnosis?

A

Bacterial Peritonitis

*Bone Marrow is not keeping up with Inflammatory Demands. Think

Peritonitis/ Septicemia due to Severe demand for Neutrophils

58
Q

Test Used to Differentiate Hemoglobin from Myoglobin

A

Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation Test

*If positive on Dipstick then its Myoglobin

59
Q

What species Does not have a Corticosteroid Induced Isoenzyme of ALP?

A

Cats

*Steroids do not cause increased ALP in Cats

60
Q

Cell Types present in Lymph Nodes when they are Inflammed in Lymphadenitis

A

Neutrophils or Macrophages

62
Q

Lymphoproliferative Disorder characterized by Lymphocytosis and Increased number of Small Lymphocytes in Bone Marrow

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

*Possible Anemia and Thrombocytopenia

63
Q

True/False: Leakage enzymes are neither specific for the cause of liver disease nor predictive of the outcome

A

True

*Can see significant change in Leakage enzymes with only mild Hepatocellular damage or very little Increase in Enzymes with Severe Hepatocellular damage

64
Q

Cat with Thoracic Effusion and a History of Lethargy and Dyspnea. Inflammatory and Stress Leukogram. Toxic Neutrophils with Dohle Bodies and Increased Basophilia. Fluid Aspirated from Thoracic cavity is Brown and Opaque. Is this and Exudate or Transudate?

A

Exudate

*Toxic Neutrophils with Dohle Bodies

65
Q

_____ Lesions are Common Bones Lesions of Patients with Multiple Myeloma

A

Lytic

*Lytic Lesions- Best Place to do Bone Marrow aspirate to find Lots of Plasma Cells

65
Q

What Fluid does this Describe:

  1. Clear
  2. Total Protein Less than 3 g/dl
  3. Nucleated Cell Count Less than 6,000/ul
  4. No clot Formation
A

Transudate

65
Q

Enzyme that comes from both Liver and Muscle. Should be Measured with CK to Determine if Coming from Muscle

A

AST

66
Q

Two Tumors that Cause Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

A

Some Lymphomas

Peri-anal Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinomas

*Increased Parathyroid Hormone

68
Q

What causes Modified Transudates to Form?

A

Problems with Blood Flow

*Ex. Heart Failure, Tumor

69
Q

Tumor Fine Needle Aspirate that does not stain well with Diff-Quik and is Normally Surrounded by Many Eosinophils

A

Mast Cell Tumor

*Eosinophilic Chemoattractant

71
Q

True/False: Primary Polycythemia leads to Sludging of Blood leading to Neurological abnormalities

A

True

*High Red Blood cell Mass Thickens Blood leading to Decreased Blood to the Brain

71
Q

Cat presents with a Proliferative and Erosive Lesion on its Nose. On Cytology you see Large Clumped Epithelial Cells and Keratinocytosis. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

73
Q

Cells that Exfoliate from Tumors and can be Found in Body Cavity Fluids

A

Lymphoma

Carcinoma (Epithelial Tumor)

*Sarcomas do not shed cells into Fluid Effusions

74
Q

Thoracic Effusion in a Cat with Serum Globulin of 6 g/dl and Polyclonal Gammopathy. Fluid is Almost all Small Lymphocytes. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Feline Infectious Peritonitis

*Low Cell Count and High Protein Content

77
Q

Large amount of Lymphoblasts in Body Fluid Effusions is Diagnostic for what?

A

Lymphoma

78
Q

Cat with Thoracic Effusion Characterized as Opaque and Creamy. What is your Diagnosis?

A

Chylous Effusion

*Total Protein is Falsely Increased- Opaque. Chylomicrons in the Fluid

80
Q

Differential Diagnosis in Dogs with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

A

Chronic Ehrlichiosis

*Often Lymphocyte count is not greater than 10,000/ul. This is how you differentiate Chronic Ehrlichiosis and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

80
Q

Adult Dog with Difficult Urination and Defecation. Abdominal Effusion.

Is this an Exudate or Transudate?

A

Exudate

81
Q

Lymphoproliferative Disorder where Cats are Normally Fe-LV positive

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

*Cats are normally Fe-LV negative with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

84
Q

CD8+ Phenotypic Classification

A

T-Cell

85
Q

Abdominal Fluid from a Horse with a Rupture in the GI tract. Very Degenerative Neutrophils in the Fluid. What is causing the Neutrophil Degeneration?

A

Bacteria

86
Q

3 Year Old Collie with Lethargy, Bruises on the Abdomen and Ascites. Brown Abdominal Fluid. Microscopically Bile can be seen within the Abdominal Fluid. Macrophages are Phagocytizing Bile Pigment. Diagnosis?

A

Ruptured Bile Duct

*Most likely Hit by a Car

87
Q

Specific B cell Neoplastic Lymphoproliferative Disorder that Differentiate into Plasma Cells which typically arises from One Cell that Clonally Expands

A

Multiple Myeloma

*Usually by Diagnosis it has metastasized to Multiple Bones

88
Q

Round Cell Tumor common in Dogs of St. Kitts that are Transmitted Between Dogs that are Characterized by Distinct Vacoules within the Cytoplasm and Prominent Nucleoli

A

Transmissable Venereal Tumors (TVT)

89
Q

Round Cell tumor derived from Monocytes that is a common Benign Tumor of Young dogs that Will Regress Spontaneously

A

Histiocytomas

90
Q

CD21+ Phenotypic Classification

A

B-Cell

94
Q

Three Lymphoproliferative Disorders

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Multiple Myeloma

96
Q

Abdominal Fluid form a Horse with a Mixture of Neutrophils and Macrophage. What Type of Inflammation is this?

A

Mixed Inflammation

98
Q

Lymphoproliferative disorder that can lead to Hypercalcemia due to Bone Lysis and Mineralization of Kidneys

A

Multiple Myeloma

99
Q

To Diagnose Liver Failure, ___% of the Liver Function must be Lost

A

70-80

101
Q

What does the Increased BUN, Creatinine and Phosphorus tell us about this Patient?

A

Decreased Kidney Glomerular Filtration

*Azotemic Animal- Increases in Nitrogenous Wastes

102
Q

If we see an Increase in Blood Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), What Organ is the Enzyme Most likely Coming From?

A

Liver

*The Half Life from the Intestine, Placenta, and Kidney is too Short

104
Q

Lymphoproliferative Disorder leading to Fundoscopic changes including Retinal Hemorrhages and Engorged Rentinal Blood due to Hyperviscosity

A

Multiple Myeloma

106
Q

Viscous and Yellow Effusion characterized by a Very High Protein due to High Globulin Levels in the Blood with a Relatively Low Cell Count. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Feline Infectious Peritonitis

*High Protein and Low cell Count in Cat- Think FIP

107
Q

Dog with Abdominal Effusion. Direct Smear shows High number of Degenerate Neutrophils and Large Number of Cocci in Chains. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Bacterial Peritonitis

(Septic Suppurative Inflammation)

*Ruptured Pyometra

109
Q

True/False: Uroabdomen leads to a Higher concentration of Creatinine in the Abdominal Fluid than in the Blood

A

True

*Urine Within the Abdominal Cavity

112
Q

Epithelial cells within Body Cavity Effusions is diagnostic of _____

A

Carcinoma

(Neoplasm of Epithelial cells)

*Not normal to See Epithelial cells in Body Cavity Fluids

113
Q

8 Year old German Shepherd with Acute Weakness, Enlarged Abdomen, Pale Mucous Membranes and Dyspnea. Ancanthocytes are Present Microscopically. Macrophages are Digesting Red Blood Cells. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Hemangiosarcoma

*Acanthocytes. Dog had Ruptured Hemangiosarcoma on Spleen and Liver

*Abdominal Fluid Analysis- Classical Hemoabdomen

114
Q

If Lymphocyte Concentration is above _____/ul then it is a Leukemia

A

35,000

115
Q

Abdominal Fluid from a Dog with Very Large Cells of Epithelial origin with Prominant Nuclei surrounded by Neutrophils during Inflammation. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Carcinoma

116
Q

Enzyme that Increases Rapidly after Muscle Injury that Peaks after about 6 Hours with a Half Life of about 2-4 Hours

A

Creatine Kinase (CK)

Goes up Quickly and Comes back Down Quickly

118
Q

Inflammation that is All Lymphocytes or All Macrophages in Fluid

A

Mononuclear Inflammation

119
Q

True/False: If an Animal has been deprived of Food for several Days they will commonly get increases in Bilirubin Levels

A

True

120
Q

Lymphadenitis characterized by increased Neutrophils

A

Suppurative Lymphadenitis

*Greater than 1-2 Neutrophils on Lymph Node aspirate and think- Suppurative

122
Q

Term used for Animals that have an Increased Packed Cell Volume

A

Polycythemia

*Increased Red Cell concentration

125
Q

Bi-Nucleated Cell where One Nucleus is Conforming to the shape of the Other Nucleus

A

Nuclear Molding

*Sign of Malignancy

127
Q

Cat with Thoracic Effusion and a History of Lethargy and Dyspnea. Inflammatory and Stress Leukogram. Toxic Neutrophils with Dohle Bodies and Increased Basophilia. Fluid Aspirated from Thoracic cavity is Brown and Opaque. Neutrophils with Phagocytized material are found in the Fluid.

The Bacteria was Gram Positive and Filamentous. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Bacterial Pyothorax due to Actinomyces

*Commonly due to Penetrating Foreign Body

129
Q

Packed Cell Volume Way above the Reference Interval. Albumin is Increased in this Patient. What is Going on in the Dog?

A

Dehydration

*No Reticulocytes- Not making More Red Blood Cells. Increased Total Protein. We Look at this and think Dehydration- Only Explanation for increased Albumin

130
Q

Prominant Nucleoli within the Nucleus and Bi-nucleated Cells (Nuclear Molding) are characteristic of _____

A

Neoplasia

132
Q

Increased PCV and Reticulocytes. Arterial Oxygen is Decreased and Erythropoietin is Increased. What Type of Polycythemia?

A

Appropriate Absolute Polycythemia

*Hypoxia leading to Increased Erythropoietin. Something Probably wrong with Either Heart or Lungs of Patient

133
Q

True/False: Do not Expect to see Sarcoma Cells exfoliate into body cavity Effusions, only Lymphomas and Carcinomas tend to Exfoliate

A

True

135
Q

Glove Powder Cystals that can be Found in Aspirates

A

Talc Crystals

*Most common Artifact on Slides

136
Q

Key Characteristic of Malignancy

A

Variability

138
Q

Primary Complaint was Nose Bleeds. Presents with Non-Regenerative Anemia and an Increased Total Protein. Inflammatory and Stress Leukogram. Thrombocytopenia is Present. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Multiple Myeloma

*Nose Bleeds and Thrombocytopenia

139
Q

Released from Dead/Dying Muscle that does not turn Serum Pink but will Turn Urine Red

A

Myoglobin

*Hemoglobin will turn Serum Pink

140
Q

Lymphadenitis common in Horses with Strangles and Cats with Plague

A

Suppurative Lymphadenitis

142
Q

Polycythemia due to True Red Cell Mass Increase in the Blood

A

Absolute Polycythemia

143
Q

Neoplastic Proliferation of Lymphocytes mostly Confined to Tissues, mainly Lymph Nodes

A

Lymphoma

*All Lymphomas are Malignant- Enlarged Lymph Nodes

145
Q

Clinical signs of Which Lymphoproliferative Disorder includes Lethargy, Lameness due to Bone Pain, and Nose Bleeds

A

Multiple Myeloma

*Owners Intial Complaint is commonly Nose Bleeds

146
Q

Induced Liver Enzymes and Bilirubin Increaed on Biochemical Profile

A

Cholestasis

147
Q

Increased Erythropoietin Levels in Serum of a Patient that is not Hypoxic is _____ Absolute Polycythemia

A

Inappropriate

149
Q

Cat with Thoracic Effusion and a History of Lethargy and Dyspnea. Inflammatory and Stress Leukogram. Toxic Neutrophils with Dohle Bodies and Increased Basophilia. Fluid Aspirated from Thoracic cavity is Brown and Opaque. Neutrophils with Phagocytized material are found in the Fluid. What type of Inflammation is this?

A

Suppurative Inflammation / Pyothorax

*Septic

150
Q

Malignant Round Cell Tumor common in Large Breed Dogs that are Derived from Monocytes with Many Multinucleated Cells

A

Malignant Histiocytosis

*Look Like Macrophages with Malignancy

152
Q

Dog Presents to Clinic Very Puritic. The Dog has been Treated with Steroids. The patient has Mass Thickened Lesions associated with Ulcerated Skin Lesions. Aspiration of the Masses Shows many Lymphoblasts. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Lymphoma

*Cutaneous Form

154
Q

Multiple Myeloma tend to have Greater than _____% Plasma Cells in Bone Marrow, usually in Aggregates

A

20

*Normally 1-2% of Bone Marrow is Plasma Cells

155
Q

With Round Cell Tumors that can Cause a Body Cavity Effusion you will Likely see _____ within the Effusion

A

Lymphoblasts

156
Q

Adult Dog with Difficult Urination and Defecation. Abdominal Effusion. Microscopy of Abdominal Fluid shows Neutrophils and Many Large Individual Cells that were Adhered to Eachother with Prominant Nucleoli.

What is the Diagnosis?

A

Carcinoma

*Hallmark of Carcinoma- Cells are Adhereing

*You can Differentiate From Mesothelial Cells because there are Numerous Carcinoma Cells. If they were Mesothelial there would only be a few in the Effusion

158
Q

Bacteria that is Present in Abcesses that appear on Cytology as Long Clear Areas because they do not Stain with Diff-Quik

A

Mycobacterium

159
Q

2 Year Old cat with Anorexia, Weight loss, and Dyspnea. The Patient has a Thoracic Effusion. On Microscopy you exam Discrete Round Cells with a lot of Nucleus and Little Cytoplasm. What Kind of Cells are These?

A

Lymphoblasts

160
Q

True/False: You commonly see Sarcoma Cells in Effusions

A

False

*Never see Sarcoma cells in Effusions

161
Q

Leukemia where Patients do not Live very Long and there are Circulating “Blasts” in the Peripheral Blood

A

Acute Leukemia

*Survival Time is Short with Immature Blast Neoplastic Cells

162
Q

Calcium Carbonate Crystals are Diagnostic of _____

A

Uroabdomen

*Crystal that is Normally Found in Horse Urine

163
Q

Fluid formed due to Hypoalbuminemia

A

Pure Transudate

*Lack Oncotic Pressure

164
Q

Reactive/Hyperplastic Lymphadenopathy occurs due to Antigenic Stimulation leading to an Increased number of ____ cells within the Lymph Node

A

Plasma Cells

166
Q

True/False: Multiple Myelomas are usually Functional and Producing Immunoglobulin leading to High Globulins

A

True

*Plasma Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder- Leads to High Globulin

167
Q

Patient has Abodminal Effusion. Patient had Acute Blood loss due to Exploratory Abdominal Surgery leading to Decreased PCV and Total Protein. Severe Neutropenia with Inflammatory Leukogram. What is the Diagnosis?

A

Bacterial Peritonitis/ Septicemia

*Degenerate Neutrophils and Bacteria. Dog had Eaten Toothpick that Perforated the Intestine

*Total Protein is lower than what you Expect for Exudate, but must be Exudate because there are 93,000 cells

168
Q

What Substance in the Urine is diagnostic for Ethylene Glycol Toxicosis?

A

Calcium Oxalate Crystals

*Anti-Freeze Ingestion

Clinical Pathology Exam 2 (2 decks)

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