Thought Disorder Flashcards
What are the 4 neurotransmitters?
Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, GABA
What neurotransmitters are excitatory?
Dopamine and Norepinephrine
What neurotransmitters are inhibitory?
Serotonin and GABA
What is the cause of thought disorders?
Unknown but thought to be genetic, neuroanatomical, neurochemical
What are Bleuler’s 4 A’s?
Affect
Associative Looseness
Ambivalence
Autism
What are the 5 main types of Schizophrenia?
Paranoid Catatonic Disorganized Undifferentiated Residual
What are the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia?
Hallucinations, Delusions, Bizarre Behavior, Paranoia
What are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia?
Apathy, Anahedonia, Poor Social Functioning
Do antipsychotics increase of decease the seizure threshold?
Decrease, easier to have a seizure
Ways to treat Extrapyramidal Side Effects?
Decrease dosage, Change to a different Antipsychotic, Administer medication to help side effects
1 cause of admittance of a pt?
Medication noncompliance
What is the most serious side effect of Clozaril?
Agranularcytosis
What is the usual onset for Pre-Schizophrenia?
16-25 Yrs Old
What are some medical conditions which may cause psychosis?
Infections, Tumors, End-Stage Renal Failure, Hypoglycemia, Dementias/Stroke/Head Injuries, Vitamin Deficiences
What are some drugs which may cause psychosis?
Marijuana, Amphetamines, Hallucinogens, Alcohol, Opiates
What is an Illusion?
Misinterpretation of a real sensory expericence
What is a Delusion?
A False Fixed Belief
Types of delusions?
Somatic, *Persecutory, *Grandiose, Jealousy, Religious
What is a Hallucination?
False sensory perception in absence of actual stimuli
Types of Hallucinations?
*Visual, *Auditory,Olfactory
What are the 4 stages of Hallucinations?
Hint all Cs
Comforting, Condemning, Controlling, Conquering
What are the lab values to diagnose Disorder Water Balance? (DWB) (Water Intoxication)
Na< 130mEq/L and specific gravity <1.003
DWB will cause what 2 conditions?
Hypervolemia and Hyponatremia
Nursing interventions for DWB?
Infuse normal saline IV, Frequent Vital signs and neuro checks, seizure precautions, try to prevent
What are the 3 types of Antipsychotic Drugs? Which is older, which is newer, which is long lasting?
Conventional (Older), Atypical (Newer), Deconates (Long Lasting)
Name some Extrapyramidal side effects?
Akathesia, Pseudoparkinsonism, Acute Dystonia, Tardive Dyskinesia, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
What is Akathesia?
Restlessness
Name some symptoms of Pseudoparksonism?
Bradykinesia, Muscle Rigidity, Shuffling Gait, Decreased arm swing, Mask like face
Describe symptoms of Acute Dystonia? Possible serious complication?
Acute muscle rigidity or spasms of neck or limbs with jerky movement/ Difficulty Swallowing
Ways to reduce EPS?
Decrease dosage, change to different antipsychotic, administer medication to help with side effects
Name some drugs to help treat EPS?
Cogentin, Benadryl, Valium, Ativan
Name a few other side effects of antipsychotics?
Anticholinergic effects, Increase serum prolactin, Increase hyperlipidemia, Photosensitivity, Weight Gain, Sexual Dysfunction
Name some sign of Neuropeltic Malignant Syndrome?
Muscle rigidity, High Fever, unstable vitals, increase enzyme levels esp. CPK, delirium, diaphoresis
What are symptoms of Tardive Dyskinesia?
Rhythmical, involuntary movement of tongue/lips, blinking, face, neck and upper/ lower extremities.
Is Tardive Dyskinesia permanent?
Yes, may be irreversible
What are some names of long lasting Antipsychotics?
Haldol, Prolixin, Risperdal, Abilify,
