Thorax SIM: The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
The double pump function of the heart in the RIGHT side serves as the _____ circuit pump
systemic
The double pump function of the heart in the LEFT side serves as the _____ circuit pump
pulmonary
Considered high-resistance circulation
systemic (high pressure, high resistance)
this structure pumps blood through the short pulmonary circuit
right ventricle
atrioventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into the
atria
semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the
ventricles
the average maximum pressure developed in the right ventricule
15-28 mmHg
cardiac muscle tissue
striated involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle tissue
contracts even without nerve stimulation
blood flows from LA to LV via this valve
left AV valve, mitral, bicuspid
when deoxygenated blood leaves the RV thru a semilunar valve, it is forced into the
pulmonary arteries
blood from systemic circulation is returned to the RA via the
superior/inferior vena cava
oxygenated blood from the systemic arteries flows into
peripheral tissue capillaries
lung capiliaries receive deoxygenated blood from
pulmonary arteries
SA node is the pacemaker of the heart because these cells are
the ones that depolarize and reach threshold first
the cardioaccelerator center in medulla activates
sympathetic neurons
cardiac output indicates
ventricular efficiency overtime
Starling’s Law of the heart states
CO=VR
ECG detects and diagnose
cardiac arrythmias
QRS complex appears as the
ventricles depolarize
P wave represents in the normal ECG
atrial depolarization
ultrasound analysis producing images that follow the details of cardiac contractions is called
echocardiography
above normal K+ concentrations in blood can cause
the heart to dilate and become flaccid and weak
if each heart muscle cell contracted at its own individual rate, the condition would resemble
fibrillation
the delay of AV node detection of impulse travel from atrium to ventricle is due to allow
the atria to finish contracting
sequencial path of a NORMAL action potential in the heart
SA node -> AV node -> bundle of His -> bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers
the chambers of the heart with thin walla that are highly distensible
atria
blood returns to the heart from coronary circulation via this structure
coronary sinus
the internal connective tissue network of the heart
fibrous skeleton
each cardiac muscle fiber contracts several others at specialized sites known as
intercalated discs
the right side of the heart contains blood with an abundance of this gas
carbon dioxide
when blood leaves the right atrium, it is forced through an AV valve into this structure
LV
oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium via this structure
pulmonary veins
the only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood
pulmonary arteries
individual units responsible for establishing the rate of cardiac contraction
nodal cells
the action of cardiac muscle tissue contracting on its own in the absence of neural stimulation
automaticity
an increase in heart rate in response to stretching the right atrial wall
brainbridge reflex
blood CO2, pH and O2 levels are monitored by
chemoreceptors
listening to sounds in the chest to determine the condition of the heart and lungs
auscultation
the recording and evaluating of electrical events that occur in the heart
ECG
the amount of blood ejected by a ventricle during a single beat
SV (stroke volume)
the most important control of heart rate is the effect of the
ANS (autonomic nervous system)
interconnections between arteries
anastomosis
an improperly functioning mitral valve would affect _____ circulations
syestemic
the comb-like muscle ridges in the atria
pectinate muscles
the inner surface of the heart that is continuous with the endothelium of the attached blood vessels
endocardium
the term used to indicate a heart rate SLOWER than normal
bradycardia
the term used to indicate a heart rate FASTER than normal
tachycardia
the spontaneous depolarization in the heart takes place in specialized cells called
nodal
the heart condition that poses an immediate threat to life
ventricular fibrillation
the difference between resting and maximum cardiac output
cardiac reserve
what is CO?
CO= SV x HR
% increase in Co above resting
normal CO / maximum CO
what is the visceral pericardium
covers the OUTER surface of the heart
what is the parietal pericardium
lines the INNER surface of the pericardiac sac that surrounds the heart
3 distinct layers of the tissues of the heartwall
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
