Thorax & Lungs_Lab Manual Vocab Flashcards
Adventitious breath sounds
Adventitious breath sounds: abnormal auscultated breath sounds such as crackles, rhonchi, wheezes and friction rub.
Apnea
Apnea: a temporary halt to breathing.
Asthma
Asthma (reactive airway disease): small airway obstruction caused by inflammation and hyperactive airways.
Atelectasis
Atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lung.
Barrel chest
Barrel chest: increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest, often with some degree of kyphosis; commonly seen with COPD.
Biot respirations
Biot respirations: irregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea that lacks repetitive pattern.
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis: chronic dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles caused by repeated infections or bronchial obstructions.
Bronchitis
Bronchitis: inflammation of the large airways.
Bronchophony
Bronchophony: an exaggeration of vocal resonance emanating from a bronchus surrounded by consolidated lung tissue (greater clarity and increased loudness of the spoken word).
Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis: inflammation of the bronchioles.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): disease process which causes decreased ability of the lungs to perform their function of ventilation (nonspecific diagnosis that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema).
Dyspnea
Dyspnea: difficult and labored breathing, shortness of breath.
Egophony
Egophony: the auditory quality associated with an increased intensity of the spoken voice along with a nasal quality (e’s become stuffy broad a’s). May be present in any condition that consolidates lung tissue.
Hemoptysis
Hemoptysis: the coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum from the respiratory tree.
Kyphosis
Kyphosis: an increased convex curvature of the thoracic spine.
Vesicular
Vesicular: heard over most of the lung fields; low pitch, soft and short expirations.
Tubular
Tubular: heard only over trachea, high pitch; loud and long expirations, sometimes a bit longer than inspiration.
Bronchovesicular
Bronchovesicular: heard over main bronchus area and over upper right posterior lung field; medium pitch; expiration equals inspiration.
Orthopnea
Orthopnea: shortness of breath that begins or increases when the patient lies down.
Pectoriloquy
Pectoriloquy: a striking transmission of voice sounds through the pulmonary structures, so that they are clearly audible through the stethoscope; commonly occurs from lung consolidation.
Pectus carinatum
Pectus carinatum (Pigeon chest): forward protrusion of the sternum.
Pectus excavatum
Pectus excavatum (Funnel chest): depression of the sternum.
Resonance
Resonance: quality of the sound heard on percussion of a hollow structure such as the chest or abdomen.
Tachypnea
Tachypnea: rapid, usually shallow, breathing.
Tactile fremitus
Tactile fremitus: a tremor or vibration in any part of the body detected on palpation.
Whispered pectoriloquy
Whispered pectoriloquy: the transmission of a whisper in the same way as that of more readily audible speech, commonly, detected when the lung is consolidated by pneumonia (increase in the volume of voice sounds).
