Thorax And Mediastinum Flashcards
What is the Conducting and respiratory division of the respiratory division and what are they made up of?
- Conducting = air passageway that leads to areas of respiratory.
Its made up of Nasal cavities → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → terminal bronchioles - Respiratory = where gas exchange happens and made up of Respiratory bronchioles → alveolar ducts → alveoli
What is one types of bronchioles and where does gas exchange happen and what is made?
- Terminal - last stage of respiratory system
2. Gas exchange happens in the respitory division and co2 and o2 are made
How does air flow through the nasal cavity and what do the tonsils do in this stage?
- It goes from the nostrils, to the superior, mid and inferior conchae, to the tonsils and do the laryngopharanx.
- The tonsils collect bacteria as we breathe
What is the torus tuberías?
Its the posterior lip of the opening of the Eustachian tube in the pharynx
What are 3 types of pharayx and what do they do?, What is the epiglottis? Where is the larynx?
- Nasopharynx (allows air to pass only - involves the pharyngeal tonsil) oropharynx (allows air and food to pass through - involves the Palestine and lingual tonsil), laryngopharynx, (allows air and food to pass through - involves the larynx and esophagus)
- The epiglottis covers the larynx to prevent choking and food coming through
- The larynx is anterior to the esophagus
What is the larynx and what is made up and what/where are the vocal chords in the larynx?
The larynx is our vocal chords
- The larynx is made up of 5 different cartilages
- Epiglottis = covers of the larynx
- Thyroid = wraps around larynx / where Adam’s apple is located
- Arytenoid = Pairs of cartilage / pyramid shaped
- Cricoid = unpaired rings in larynx
- The vocal chords are located inside the larynx And there are 2 types - false and true
- True vocal - inferior to false (covers muscle that are move up and down to produce sound)
- false = superior
How do vocal chords change?
They change as we get older in diameter (for men, as they get older their voice get deeper
What/where is the trachea and what is composed of it?
- The trachea sits behind the lungs, it is made up of 3 bronchus = A. Primary, B. Secondary, C. Tertiary, and bronchioles
- The trachea is also made up of c shaped rings in order to keep food from catching onto the rings
- Carina - the crotch of the trachea where it splits up into right and left bronchi
What / where are the lungs and what are they composed of?
- The lungs are superficial / lateral to the trachea, they are divided into 2.
- Right lung has : 3 lobes and 2 fissures
- left lung has : 2 lobes and 1 fissure
How to remember - 3231 right lung left lung street
- The lingula - the bottom curve of the lung
- The cardiac notch - the curve space for the
heart - The hilium - entrence / exit for veins, arteries, and primary brochii
What / where is the mediastinum and what does it divide into
- The mediastinum is the space between the lungs and the heart - it seperates the right and left lung
- It divides into SM = great vessels, AM = thymus gland, MM = heart, and PM
- It extends from the sternum, to vertebrae and Superior thoracic aperture to diaphragm
What is the thoracic duct and what is its function?
- The thoracic duct collects blood form lower limbs, abdomen, and left upper body / neck into left subclavian then back to the body.
* How to remember: Thoracic drains at 12pm, 3pm, and 6pm
What is the azygos vein and where is it located / what is the flow chart of the venous drainage of the thorax?
- The azygos vein is located on the right side of the vertebral column and it collects blood from the bottom of thorax into the superior vena cava
- The drainage is form small rivers, to big rivers, then the ocean
What / where is the sympathetic chain, what does it contain, and its function
- The sympathetic chain is located between the esophagus and the azygos vein.
- It contains the sympathetic ganglia and cells of the chain
- What happens is when fight or flight happens, the spinal cord will attach to the sympathetic chain in order to cause a fight or flight response
What/where is the vagus nerve and its function ?
The vagus nerve (CN 10 or 11) is a parasympathetic nerve that runs down from he neck to the stomach and gets off reccurents in the neck in order to innervate muscles
What / where is the phrenic nerve and what spinal cord does it innervate?
The phrenic nerve is a nerve that is located on the side of the heart and it innervate c3-5 from the neck down to the diaphram
