Thorax And Lungs Flashcards
Progressive dyspnea with acute pulmonary edema, aggrevated when lying down, patient also shows othropnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dypnea, cough is dry and progress to pink frothy sputum(edema) / Frank hemoptysis and has a history of heart disease
- left sided HF /mitral stenosis
progressive dyspnea with chronic productive cough maybe blood streaked/bloody, aggrevated by recurrent respiratory infections and has history of smoking (or inhaled irritants from job) relived by expectoration
- chronic bronchitis
Slowly progressive dyspnea with slight cough and scant mucoid sputum patient has an alpha1 anti trypsin deficiency (or history of smoking)
- COPD
Acute episodes of dyspnea separated by symptom free periods aggrevated by certain allergens/irritants, patient has wheezing and cough and tightness in the chest
-asthma
Progressive dyspnea patient is weak and fatigued and less cough rest relive symptoms sometimes triggered by certain substances
- diffuse interstial lung disease
Acute dypnea with pleuritic pain, cough, sputum is blood streaked, diffusely pink or rusty, along with fever and chills
- pneumonia
Previously healthy patient with sudden onset of dyspnea and pleuritic pain and cough
- Spontaneous pneumothorax
A postoperative patient (postpartum/bed rest/HF/ fractures/hypercoagulability) has a sudden onset of dyspnea and tachypnea, pleuritic pain,Dry cough w/ hemoptysis, syncope, unilateral leg swelling (no symptom’s/ retrosternal oppressive pain)
- acute pulmonary embolism
Dyspnea is episodic and recurrent occurs in an upsetting situation patient feels light-headed, numbness, palpitations and chest pain diaphoresis
- anxiety with hyperventilation
Dry cough may become productive with hoarseness
- laryngitis
Drying hacking cough may become productive with acute febrile illness, malaise, headache
- mycoplasma and viral pneumonia
Chronic cough mucoid sputum and discharge seen in posterior pharynx associated with allergic rhinitis
- postnasal drip
Chronic cough, sputum purulent and foul smelling, maybe blood streaked with recurrent bronchopulmonary infections
- bronchiectasis
Sputum purulent and foul smelling and maybe bloody with dysphagia/ impaired consciousness
- lung abscess
Dry cough with mucoid sputum maybe blood streaked, early no symptom’s, later anorexia, weight loss, fever, night sweats
- TB
same as TB but with history of tobacco use
Neoplasia
Normal finding of air filled lungs
-
vesicular breath sounds, no bronchophony, egophony, nor whispered pectoriloquy, normal tactile fremitus
Lung Findings of patient with COPD
-
hyperinflated
hyperresonant,
↓breath sounds, transmitted voice, and tactile fremitus.
Early inspiratory crackle
Lung findings of patient with lobar pneumonia
-
- consolidated lungs,
- dull,
- bronchial/bronchovesicular breath sounds, 4.↑transmitted sounds and fremitus
- Biphasic crackles
Lung finding of patient with pleural effusion
- lungs are dull,
- fluid is movable,
- ↓ breath sounds(or absent),
- ↓ transmitted voices and fremitus
Fine crackle occurs in:
mid-late inspiratory→ pul. Fibrosis (Velcro rales), intertial fibrosis, intertial pneumonitis
Early inspiration or biphasic ( last throughout exp) do not change with body position
- coarse crackles→ COPDA, asthma, bronchiectasis
Stirdor occurs:
-
Tracheal stenosis, anaphylaxis, foreign object, epiglottitis
Pleural rub
nonmusical biphasic, discontinuous low frequency grating
Sound heard in pneumomediastinum
- mediastinal crunch (hamman sign)→ precordial crackle syn with heart beat not resp
