Thorax and Lungs Flashcards
it identifies the position of the body extending from the base of the neck superiorly to the level of the diaphragm inferiorly.
Thorax
What construct the thoracic cage?
Sternum, 12 Thorax vertebrate, 12 pairs of ribs, cartilage and muscle
It lies in the center of the chest anteriorly
Sternum/ Breastbone
3 parts of sternum
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
It extends from the manubrium of the scapula to the acromion.
Clavicle
It connects laterally with the clavicles and the first two pairs of ribs.
Manubrium
A U-shaped indentation located on the superior border of the manubrium is an important landmark
Suprasternal notch
What ribs connect to the cartilages of the pair lying superior to them rather than to the sternum?
RIBS 7 through 10
It forms an angle between the right and left costal margins meeting at the level of the xiphoid process
Costal Angle
spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), also called
Vertebra prominens
Fine, short, interrupted crackling sounds; alveolarrales are high-pitched.
Crackles
This sound can be simulated by rolling a lock of hair near the ear. Best heard on inspiration and expiration.
Crackles
This is caused by Air passing through fluid or mucus in any air passage.
Crackles
Continuous, low-pitched, coarse, gurgling, harsh, louder sounds with a moaning or snoring quality.
Gurgles (rhonchi)
It is caused by an Air passing through narrowed air
passages as a result of secretions, swelling, tumors
Gurgles (rhonchii)
Superficial grating or creaking sounds heard during inspiration and expiration.
Not relieved bycoughing.
Frictionrub
It is caused by a Rubbing together of inflamed pleural surfaces
Frictionrub
Continuous, high-pitched, squeaky musicalsounds.
Best heard on expiration.
Not usually altered by coughing.
Wheeze
It is caused by an Air passing through a constricted bronchus as a result of
secretions, swelling, tumors
Wheeze
Is Most commonly heard in the bases of the lower lung lobes
Crackles
Loud sounds can be heard over most lung areas but predominate over the trachea and bronchi.
Gurgles (rhonchii)
Heard most often in areas of greatest thoracic expansion (e.g., lower anterior and lateral chest)
Frictionrub
Heard over all lung fields
Wheeze
What are the adventitious breath sound?
Crackles, gurgles, frictionrub, wheeze
Soft-intensity, low-pitched, “gentle sighting” sounds created by air moving through smaller airways (bronchioles and alveoli)
Vesicular
Over peripheral lung: best heard at base of thelungs
Vesicular
Moderate-intensity, moderate- pitched, blowing sounds created by airmoving through larger airways (bronchi)
Bronchovesicular
Located Between the scapulae and lateral to the sternum at the first andsecond intercostal spaces
Bronchovesicular
High-pitched, loud, “harsh” sounds created by air moving through the trachea
Bronchial (tubular)
Anteriorly over the trachea; not normallyheard over lung tissue
Bronchial
performed to determine whether underlying lung tissue is filled with air, liquid or solid material
Percussion of thorax
determine the positions and boundaries of certain organs.
Percussion of thorax
How depth for it to detects superficial rather than deep lesions.
5-7cm (2-3inch)
What are the percuss sounds and tones?
Flatness, dullness, resonance, hyper resonance, tympany.
What are the examples of tympany?
Stomach filled with gas
Example of Hyper resonance
Emphysematous lungs
Example of Flatness
Muscle and bones
Example of dullness
Liver and heart
Example or resonance
Normal lung
Thudlike quality
Dullness
