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MRAD2260 > Thorax and Abdomen > Flashcards

Thorax and Abdomen Flashcards

Theory Assessment Prep

1
Q

What is the central ray for the AP upper ribs?

A

T7 (inferior angle of the scapula)

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2
Q

What is the central ray for the AP lower ribs?

A

T10 (xiphoid process)

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3
Q

How should the patient be positioned for the AP oblique projection of the ribs?

A

Oblique 45 degrees with affected side against IR (LPO or RPO)

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4
Q

What anatomy should be included on an AP of the upper ribs?

A

Posterior ribs 1-9 + vertebral column within exposure field

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5
Q

What anatomy should be included on an AP of the lower ribs?

A

Posterior ribs 8-12 + vertebral column within exposure field

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6
Q

What positioning error occurred on an AP projection of the upper ribs if the ribs are elongated, and the clavicle is moving away/laterally from the vertebral column?

A

Rotation - towards affected side

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7
Q

What positioning error occurred on an AP oblique projection of the lower ribs if the sternum is located closer to the lateral aspect of the ribs?

A

Excessive obliquity

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8
Q

What positioning error occurred on an AP upper ribs if the diaphragm was located at the level of the 6th posterior rib?

A

Insufficient inspiration

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9
Q

What pathologies may require us to image a chest on inspiration AND expiration?

A

Pneumothorax,
Foreign body,
Atelectasis,
Diaphragm movement

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10
Q

What body habitus might require you to place the IR crosswise for a PA projection of the chest?

A

Hypersthenic

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11
Q

What SID should be used for the PA and lateral chest?

A

180cm SID to reduce heart magnification and increase detail

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12
Q

How should the patient be positioned for a lateral projection of the chest?

A

Left lateral, arms extended above the head

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13
Q

What is the CR for the PA projection of the chest?

A

T7 (inferior scapular angle)

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14
Q

What is the CR for the AP axial projection of the clavicle?

A

15-30 degrees cephalad to enter midshaft of clavicle

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15
Q

What breathing instructions should be given for the a) AP and b) AP axial projections of the clavicle?

A

a) AP - expiration
b) AP axial - inspiration

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16
Q

What image analysis criteria of the PA chest indicates there was no anterior or posterior tilt (midcoronal plane vertical and parallel with IR)?

A

1 inch of apices above clavicles; manubrium superimposed by T4

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17
Q

How many ribs should be seen on a PA chest if the patient took the proper inspiration (2nd full inspiraton)?

A

9 posterior ribs + a portion of the 10th posterior rib above diaphragm

18
Q

What positioning error occurred on a PA chest if the left clavicle is superimposing the spine, and the right clavicle is moving laterally away from the spine?

A

Rotation - LAO

19
Q

What positioning error occurred on a PA chest if there is more than 1 inch of apices demonstrated above the clavicles?

A

Anterior tilt

20
Q

What positioning error occurred on a lateral projection of the chest if the posterior ribs are not superimposed, and the gastric bubble is seen more posterior than normal?

A

Rotation - left lung posterior, right lung anterior

21
Q

What positioning error occurred on an lateral chest if the hemidiaphragms are not superimposed at all?

A

Tilt - toward or away from the IR

22
Q

What positioning error occurred on an AP clavicle if the clavicle is demonstrated superior to the superior scapular angle?

A

Posterior tilt

23
Q

Where should the medial end of the clavicle be demonstrated on an accurately positioned AP axial clavicle?

A

Superimposed over the 1-3rd rib

24
Q

What anatomy must be included on the first image of the AP supine abdomen?

A

Pubic symphysis

25
Q

What anatomy must be included on the first image of an AP upright abdomen?

A

Diaphragms

26
Q

What anatomy must be included on the first image of an AP supine KUB?

A

Kidneys

27
Q

What projection of the abdomen would decrease patients’ gonadal dose?

A

PA

28
Q

What is the CR for the AP supine KUB and AP supine abdomen?

A

Perpendicular to the iliac crests

29
Q

What is the CR for the AP upright abdomen?

A

Horizontal, 2 inches (5cm) above iliac crests

30
Q

What is the CR for the AP axial bladder?

A

10-15 degrees caudad, 2 inches (5 cm) above pubic symphysis

31
Q

What breathing instructions should be given for all projections of the abdomen?

A

Breathe in, breathe out, hold (expose on expiration)

32
Q

Where should the diaphragms be demonstrated on an AP supine and AP upright abdomen?

A

Superior to the 9th posterior ribs

33
Q

What analysis guidelines for the abdomen tells you that the patient is not rotated (midcoronal plane parallel with IR)?

A

Spinous processes in middle of vertebrae
Pedicles equidistant to spinous processes
Iliac wings symmetrical
Sacrum in line with pubic symphysis

34
Q

What positioning error occurred on an AP abdomen if the spinous processes are not centered to vertebral bodies, and the left iliac wing is wider than the right?

A

Rotation - LPO

35
Q

What positioning error occurred on an AP axial bladder if the pubic symphysis is superimposing the bladder?

A

Insufficient caudal CR angulation

36
Q

Theory only: How should the patient be positioned for a PA oblique of the sternum?

A

PA, in the RAO position (to use heart for contrast)
Obliqued 15-20 degrees

37
Q

Theory only: What ribs would be best demonstrated on a PA oblique projection of the ribs if the patient was LAO?

A

Right anterior ribs (ribs furthest from IR best demonstrated)

38
Q

Theory only: What is the CR for the PA projection of the SC joints?

A

T3

39
Q

Theory only: What structures are best demonstrated on an AP axial/Lordotic chest?

A

Apices and interlobar effusions

40
Q

Theory only: What is pathologies are demonstrated well on images of the soft tissue neck?

A

Foreign bodies
Swelling/epiglottitis
Masses
Fractures of the larynx or hyoid bone

41
Q

Theory only: What is the CR for the AP and lateral projections of the soft tissue neck?

A

AP - through midsagittal plane at level of laryngeal prominence (upper airway); or manubrium (larynx and superior mediastinum)

Lateral - through midcoronal plane at the level of the laryngeal prominence (upper airway); or jugular notch (trachea and superior mediastinum)

MRAD2260 (3 decks)

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