Thorax/Abdomen

Question 1

Serratus Posterior Superior

Answer 1

O - Ligamentum nuchae SP C7, T1-3

I - Upper borders, external surfaces of ribs 2-5

Question 2

Levatores Costorum

Answer 2

O - TP of C7 and T1-12

I - Outer surfaces of rib below between tubercle and angle
Fiber direction - down and out

Question 3

External Oblique - Anterior

Answer 3

O - External surface of ribs 5-8 interdigitating with serratus anterior

I - Into a broad, flat aponeurosis, terminating in the line alba
Direction - obliquely downward and medially with uppermost fibers more medial (hands in your pockets)

Question 4

External Oblique - Lateral

Answer 4

O - External surface of 9th rib interdigitating with serratus anterior and external surface of 10-12th ribs, interdigitating with latissimus dorsi

I - As the inguinal ligament, into anterior superior spine and pubic tubercle and into the external lip of anterior 1/2 of iliac crest
Direction - obliquely down and medially, more down that the anterior fibers

Question 5

Internal Oblique - Lower

Answer 5

O - Lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament, a short attachment on iliac crest near anterior superior iliac spine

I - With transverses abdominis into crest of pubis medial part of pectineal line and into line alba by means of an aponeurosis
Direction - transversely across

Question 6

Internal Oblique - Upper

Answer 6

O - Anterior 1/3 of intermediate line of iliac crest

I - Linea alba by means of aponeurosis
Direction - medial and upward

Question 7

Internal Oblique - Lateral

Answer 7

O - Middle 1/3 of intermediate line of iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia

I - Inferior borders of 10-12th ribs and linea alba via aponeurosis
Direction - up and medial, more upward than upper fibers

Question 8

Rectus Abdominus

Answer 8

O - Pubic crest and symphysis

I - Costal cartilages of 5-7 ribs and xiphoid process of sternum

Question 9

Transverse Abdominis

Answer 9

O - Inner surface of cartilages of lower 6 ribs, interdigitating with the diaphragm, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 3/4 of internal lip of iliac crest and lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament

I - Linea alba via a broad aponeurosis, pubic crest and pecten pubis

Question 10

Transversus Thoracis

Answer 10

O - Lower 1/3 of body of sternum (underside)

I - Lower border of ribs 2-6
Direction - up and out

Question 11

Subcostals

Answer 11

O - Arise from rib near angle in lower thoracic area

I - 2-3 ribs below on superior border of the rib
Direction - down and medially (parallel to internal intercostals)

Question 12

External Intercostals

Answer 12

O - Inferior border of rib above from capsule of tubercle to costochondral joint where it becomes anterior intercostals membrane

I - Superior surface of rib below
Direction - down and forward

Question 13

Internal Intercostals

Answer 13

O - Inferior border of ribs at the sternum to the angle of the ribs where it becomes a membrane

I - Superior surface of rib below

Question 14

Innermost Intercostals

Answer 14

O - Close to the articulation of the rib with the TP

I - Extends just anterior to the membranous portion of the internal intercostal muscles
Direction - down and posteriorly

Question 15

Diaphragm

Answer 15

O - Dorsum of xiphoid process, lower ribs, lumbocostal arches above bodies of lumbar vertebrae 1-2

I - Central tendon

Question 16

Levator Ani - Puborectalis

Answer 16

Forms from pubococcygeus

Question 17

Levator Ani - Pubococcygeus

Answer 17

O - Dorsal surface of pubis

I - Forms sling around anus (puborectalis muscle), inserts into sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 18

Levator Ani - Iliococcygeus

Answer 18

O - Tendinous arch of true pelvic bring

I - Coccyx and anococcygeal raphe

Question 19

Coccygeus

Answer 19

O - Apex of spine of ischium and sacrospinous ligament

I - Margin of coccyx and lowest part of sacrum

Question 20

Pyramidalis

Answer 20

O - By tendinous fibers from pubis and ligaments from front of symphysis

I - Linea alba midway between umbilicus and pubis

Question 21

Cremasteric m.

Answer 21

O - Inguinal ligament (lateral) and pubic crest (medial)

I - Continuous loop from the middle of inguinal ligament as far as the tunica vaginalis and then returning to the pubic tubercle