Thorax Flashcards
The esophagus of which animals transitions from skeletal to smooth muscle?
Horse, pig, and cat
The trachea of which animals have separated edges? Of these animals, which have external trachealis muscles?
Edges of the tracheal rings are separated in the cow, dog, and cat. The trachealis is external in the cat and dog.
The thymus (in young animals) extends to the cranial or cervical region in most domestic animals except in which animals?
Carnivores
Which animal retains parts of the thymus in adulthood, and which parts are retained?
Goat; thoracic and cervico-thoracic parts
The lungs of which animals have the following organization:
Left: Divided cranial, caudal
Right: Undivided cranial, middle, accessory, caudal
Pig, cat, and dog
Which animals have undivided cranial lobes on both the left and right lung and lack the middle lobe of the right lung?
Horses and camelids
Which species have lobulations on the lung surface? Which of these species has only partial lobulations, and on which parts of the lung?
Cow, pig, and goat. Goat lobulations are limited to the cranial and middle lobes.
Which species has tracheobronchial lymph nodes on the left but not the right lung?
Sheep
Which species LACK a tracheal bronchus?
Horse, cat, and dog
In the horse, inhaled foreign bodies tend to enter which lobe of the lung and why?
Accessory lobe (right lung) because the aorta (left) causes trachea to bend to the right.
In which species is the subsinuosal groove occupied by the right coronary artery?
Horse and pig (and human)
Which species have left-dominated hearts?
Ruminants, small camelids, and carnivores (including the dog)
Into which vessel does the right azygos vein drain, and which species lacks the right azygous vein?
- Cranial vena cava
2. Pig
Where does the left azygous vein drain into the heart, and which species lack the left azygous vein?
- Just below (left) pulmonary artery
2. Horses, camelids, dogs, and cats lack the left azygous vein
Where is the caudal mediastinal lymph node located and which nerve can it impact if swollen?
- Ventral to the aorta, dorsal to the esophagus
2. Dorsal vagal trunk; affects ruminal contractions
