Thorax Flashcards
The esophagus of which animals transitions from skeletal to smooth muscle?
Horse, pig, and cat
The trachea of which animals have separated edges? Of these animals, which have external trachealis muscles?
Edges of the tracheal rings are separated in the cow, dog, and cat. The trachealis is external in the cat and dog.
The thymus (in young animals) extends to the cranial or cervical region in most domestic animals except in which animals?
Carnivores
Which animal retains parts of the thymus in adulthood, and which parts are retained?
Goat; thoracic and cervico-thoracic parts
The lungs of which animals have the following organization:
Left: Divided cranial, caudal
Right: Undivided cranial, middle, accessory, caudal
Pig, cat, and dog
Which animals have undivided cranial lobes on both the left and right lung and lack the middle lobe of the right lung?
Horses and camelids
Which species have lobulations on the lung surface? Which of these species has only partial lobulations, and on which parts of the lung?
Cow, pig, and goat. Goat lobulations are limited to the cranial and middle lobes.
Which species has tracheobronchial lymph nodes on the left but not the right lung?
Sheep
Which species LACK a tracheal bronchus?
Horse, cat, and dog
In the horse, inhaled foreign bodies tend to enter which lobe of the lung and why?
Accessory lobe (right lung) because the aorta (left) causes trachea to bend to the right.
In which species is the subsinuosal groove occupied by the right coronary artery?
Horse and pig (and human)
Which species have left-dominated hearts?
Ruminants, small camelids, and carnivores (including the dog)
Into which vessel does the right azygos vein drain, and which species lacks the right azygous vein?
- Cranial vena cava
2. Pig
Where does the left azygous vein drain into the heart, and which species lack the left azygous vein?
- Just below (left) pulmonary artery
2. Horses, camelids, dogs, and cats lack the left azygous vein
Where is the caudal mediastinal lymph node located and which nerve can it impact if swollen?
- Ventral to the aorta, dorsal to the esophagus
2. Dorsal vagal trunk; affects ruminal contractions
Where are the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes?
Sinoatrial - On top of right atrium, under cranial vena cava, in a crest on the interior wall of the right atrium called the CRISTA TERMINALIS
Atrioventricular - between the right and left atria
Where is the trabecular septomarginalis found and what is its function?
- Right ventricle
2. Helps coordinate ventricular contractions
Which species contain an Os Cordis, of how many bones does it consist, and where in the heart is it found?
- Cow and elephant
- 2 (occasionally 3)
- Around the aortic valve
In which species does the left subclavian branch off of the aortic arch separately from the brachiocephalic trunk?
Dog, cat, pig, and rabbit
Which species have only one branch off the aortic arch (the brachiocephalic trunk)?
Horses and ruminants
Where can you auscultate each valve in the dog?
Pulmonary - Left 3
Aortic - Left 4
Mitral - Left 5
Tricuspid - Right 5
Where can you auscultate each valve in the sheep/goat?
Sheep/goat valves are like dog except tricuspid moves from 5 to 3
Pulmonary - Left 3
Aortic - Left 4, level w/ pul
Mitral - Left 5, level w/ shoulder joint
Tricuspid - Right 3
Where can you auscultate each valve in the horse?
Mneumonic: PT, AM = P and T at 3, A and M at 4
Pulmonary - Left 3, below aortic
Aortic - Left 4, below shoulder
Mitral - Left 4, below Aortic and Pulmonary
Tricuspid - Right 3, ventral 1/3
Where can you auscultate each valve in the cow?
Like sheep/goat only everything moved up 1; 2/3/4 instead of 3/4/5
Pulmonary - Left 2, below A
Aortic - Left 3, 1 inch below shoulder
Mitral - Left 4, medial to olecranon
Tricuspid - Right 2-3, b/t should and sternum
