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Anatomy of Thorax > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

3 key functions of the thorax

A
  1. breathing
  2. protection (to heart, lungs, vessels)
  3. conduit (structures pass through it)
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2
Q

if the thorax is thought to be a cylinder. what is the space called looking into the thorax/ cylinder

A

the thoracic cavity

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3
Q

the thoracic cavity is divided into…

A

the right pleural cavity (surrounding the right lung)
mediastinum
the left pleural cavity (surrounding the left lung)

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4
Q

what lies on the posterior portion of thoracic cage

A

the 12 thoracic vertebrae

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5
Q

what lines on the anterior portion of the thoracic cage

A

the sternum

costal cartilages

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6
Q

the sternum is made up of 3 structures. what are they

A

the manubrium of sternum
the body of sternum
the xiphoid process

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7
Q

what clinical landmark does the sternal angle mark

A

the point at which costal cartilage of rib 2 joins with the sternum

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8
Q

what are the typical features of thoracic vertebra

A 
superior articular process 
transverse process 
spinous process 
body of vertebra - heart shaped 
demi- facet for rib head 
inferior articular process
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9
Q

which costal cartilages articulate with the sternum

A

the costal cartilages of ribs 1-VII (7)

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10
Q

which costal cartilages articulate with the costal cartilage above

A

the costal cartilages of ribs 8-10 (viii-x)

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11
Q

2 functions of the costal cartilages

A
  1. mobility to thorax

2. elasticity to thorax

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12
Q

may be typical or a-typical. which ribs are typical ribs

A

ribs 3-9

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13
Q

which ribs are atypical

A

ribs 1, 2, 10, 11, 12

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14
Q

what happens to cartilage as we get older

A

gets calcified

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15
Q

the thoracic cavity is subdivided into…

A

right pleural cavity
mediastinum
left pleural cavity

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16
Q

each pleural cavity has 2 layers of a mesothelial membrane called pleura. what are the 2 pleura called…

A

visceral pleura

parietal pleura

17
Q

the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity is divided further into…

A

superior mediastinum

inferior mediastinum- both divided by the sternal angle (horizontal/ transverse plane)

18
Q

the inferior region of the mediastinum if further divided into…

A

anterior mediastinum
middle
posterior

19
Q

what structures are found in the superior mediastinum

A 
aorta, pulomnary trunk, superior vena cava
thymus
trachea 
oesophagus 
vagus nerve
phrenic nerves
left recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve
thoracic duct
20
Q

what is the function of thymus in children

A

develop T-cells

shrinks with age

21
Q

what is found in the middle mediastinum

A

heart
pericardium
- pulmonary trunk, ascending aorta, terminal part of superior vena cava
- the 2 bronchi

22
Q

what is found in the posterior mediastinum

A 
thoracic aorta and its branches 
oesophagus 
thoracic duct 
azygous/ hemi-azygous veins
lymph nodes
thoracic splanchnic nerves 
sympathetic trunks
23
Q

function of the azygous vein

A

transport DE-oxygenated blood into the superior vena cava

24
Q

what is the pericardium

A

a fibrous outer layer

2 serous inner layers enclosing the hear

25
Q

when the heart is seen in-sit, which chamber of the heart cannot be seen

A

left atrium

26
Q

what 3 branches arise from the aortic arch

A
  1. brachiocephalic artery
  2. left common carotid artery
  3. left subclavian artery
27
Q

the right and left lungs both have lobes. what are they

A

superior and inferior lobes

28
Q

what fissure divides the superior and inferior lobes of the right and left lungs

A

the oblique fissure

29
Q

the right lobe has an extra 3rd lobe. what is it

A

the middle lobe

30
Q

what fissure causes the middle lobe in the right lung

A

horizontal fissure

31
Q

compare the sizes of the left lung to the right lung

A

left lung is smaller and narrower

left lung has a cardiac notch on lateral view

32
Q

the pulmonary arteries deliver…

A

de-oxygenated blood to the lungs

33
Q

the pulmonary veins deliver

A

oxygenated blood to the left atrium

34
Q

what and where is the hilum of the lung

A

on the medial surface of the lung
next to the heart
it is where the blood vessels enter and exist the lung
where the primary bronchus enters the lung

35
Q

the inferior aspect of the hilum has a structure called..

A

the pulmonary ligament

- where the visceral and parietal pleura meet

36
Q

what structures are found on the hilum of the lung

A
  1. the pulmonary artery (de-oxygenated blood)
  2. primary bronchus (which divides into the secondary bronchi)
  3. pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood)
  4. pulmonary ligament

Anatomy of Thorax (3 decks)

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