Thorax

Question 1

When 2 or more consecutive ribs break, this can cause a condition called

Answer 1

Flail Chest

Question 2

How many folds/crura are there around the esophageal hiatus?

Answer 2

2 (left and right folds)

Question 3

The neurovascular bundle of the rib is located

Answer 3

on the lower aspect of the rib

Question 4

Air in the pleural space is called

Answer 4

pneumothorax

Question 5

The phrenic nerve runs ____ to the hilum of the lung

Answer 5

anterior

Question 6

The vagus nerve runs ____ to the hilum of the lung

Answer 6

posterior

Question 7

The recurrent laryngeal nerve is the branch of the ____ nerve that innervates the ____

Answer 7

vagus, voicebox

Question 8

The left branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs around the ____ while the right branch recurs around the ____

Answer 8

arch of the aorta, subclavian artery.

Question 9

The afferent gag reflex is from the ____ nerve. Efferent response (puke) is from the ____ nerve.

Answer 9

glossopharyngeal, vagus

Question 10

Mesothelioma often appears on a CT scan of the thorax as

Answer 10

a thickened, calcified pleura

Question 11

A 78 yr. old has a large pleural effusion from severe pancreatitis. Which is the Best, Safest, and most cost efficient approach to drain the pleural fluid?

Answer 11

Ultrasound-guided thoracentesis

Question 12

Blood in the pleural space, as a result of malignancy or traumatic injury, is called a

Answer 12

hemothorax

Question 13

The most common organisms infecting the pleural spaces are:

Answer 13

strep. pneumoniae and staph. aureus

Question 14

A pneumothorax occurs when

Answer 14

air enters the pleural space

Question 15

The NORMAL amount of pleural fluid in a healthy adult is

Answer 15

10cc

Question 16

A “talc-slurry” pleurodesis is best instilled using

Answer 16

video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Question 17

Two or more (consecutive) ribs broken in two or more places is called

Answer 17

flail segment

Question 18

A 68 yr. old develops a malignant chylothorax. The best INITIAL treatment is

Answer 18

Nothing by mouth (i.e. “NPO”), IV nutrition, octreotide

Question 19

A 28 yr. old presents to the emergency room after a significant motor-vehicle-accident. He’s hypotensive and severely dyspneic. Chest X-ray shows a large left-sided effusion. The most likely cause of this effusion is:

Answer 19

a hemothorax from rib fractures

Question 20

Intercostal arteries are branches of the

Answer 20

thoracic aorta

Question 21

An 82 yr old with a low-grade fever is complaining of right-sided chest pain. CT scan performed shows a located fluid collection within the middle lobe of the right lung. The most likely diagnosis is

Answer 21

lung abscess

Question 22

Which agent or procedure is used most commonly for pleurodesis?

Answer 22

Talc (sterilized talcum powder)

Question 23

A large pleural effusion is seen on a chest x-ray 24 hours after placement of a central venous line. The most likely cause of this effusion is:

Answer 23

laceration of the patients thoracic duct

Question 24

A 78 yr old man walks into a bar and bets the bartender he can submerge his face, under water, for 20 minutes. The bartender accepts the bet and the man proceeds to win. The most-likely reason for his success is a

Answer 24

broncho-pleural fistula

Question 25

A pleural biopsy in a patient with mesothelioma is best obtained by

Answer 25

open biopsy

Question 26

T8, T10, T12

Answer 26

Levels of inferior vena cava hiatus, esophageal hiatus, aortic hiatus

Question 27

An effusion must have a volume greater than _____ cc to be seen on an upright-anterior (PA) chest radiograph.

Answer 27

150

Question 28

Fluid (pus) in the pleural space is called

Answer 28

en empyema

Question 29

Pus in the lung is called

Answer 29

an abscess

Question 30

The ____ duct empties into the junction of the left internal jugular and left subclavian veins.

Answer 30

Thoracic

Question 31

The ____ Duct empties at the junction of the right internal jugular and right subclavian veins.

Answer 31

Lymphatic

Question 32

Chyle in the pleural space is called

Answer 32

chylothorax