Thorax 2

Question 1

What is the pulmonary cavity lined by?

Answer 1

Each pulmonary cavity lined is by a pleural
membrane (pleura) that also reflects onto
and covers the external surface of the
lungs

Question 2

Each lung is invested by and enclosed in a
serous pleural sac that consists of 2
continuous membranes:

Answer 2

the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura

Question 3

The pleural cavity contains?

Answer 3

The pleural cavity contains serous pleural fluid

Question 4

The lungs are the vital organs for

Answer 4

Respiration

Question 5

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 5

2

Question 6

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

right lung features

Answer 7

oblique and horizontal fissures that divide it into:
superior lobe
middle lobe
inferior lobe

Question 8

The left lung features

Answer 8

oblique fissure dividing it into:
superior lobe
inferior lobe

Question 9

Lateral and posterior surfaces of lungs

Answer 9

Question 10

Medial surface of left lung

Answer 10

Question 11

Medial surface of right lung

Answer 11

Question 12

Each main bronchus gives rise
to

Answer 12

Lobar bronchi

Question 13

Each lobar bronchus gives rise
to

Answer 13

the segmental bronchi

Question 14

How many bronchopulmonary segments are typically in
each lung?

Answer 14

10

Question 15

Which lungs are the bronchi shorter?

Answer 15

Right side

Question 16

Lymphatic drainage of lungs and bronchi

Answer 16

Question 17

Medical imaging of region

Answer 17

Question 18

Is this a healthy or unhealthy chest x ray?

Answer 18

Healthy
Can see build up of gas in the colon- shows they may need to fart

Question 19

Does this x ray show cancer?

Answer 19

Yes this is a females X-ray that shows cancer in the right lung

Question 20

Chest X-ray with cancer

Answer 20

Question 21

Is this a healthy or unhealthy CT Scan?

Answer 21

This is a healthy scan

Question 22

this CT scan show cancer, if so how can it be detected in a Pet-CT scan?

Answer 22

fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET). The role of this procedure is to detect metabolically active malignant lesions including lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, breast cancer and brain cancer.

using FDG in the body’s tissues can help identify cancerous cells because they use glucose at a much faster rate than normal cell- increased use of cell activity is detected.

Question 23

Detect the different lung cancers and how it shows the cancer

Answer 23

Pressure gradient change
Pleura punctured
Lung collapse

Question 24

Answer 24

Increased pressure causing the heart to get pushed to the left

Question 25

What is the haemothorax

Answer 25

Hemothorax is a collection of blood in the space between the chest wall and the lung (the pleural cavity)

Question 26

What is Thoracentesis?

Answer 26

is a procedure to remove fluid or air from around the lungs, by inserting a needle through an intercostal space into the pleural cavity

e.g. removing blood for patient’s with haemothorax.

Question 27

What is the process of thoracentesis

Answer 27

insert a needle through an intercostal space
into the pleural cavity (thoracentesis)
to remove blood

Question 28

To avoid damage to the intercostal nerve, the needle should go above which branch?

Answer 28

collateral branch

Question 29

Which intercostal space needs to be inserted during expiration to avoid the inferior border of the lung?

Answer 29

9th

Question 30

Which bronchus is the Aspiration of object is more likely to travel down, left or right?

Answer 30

Right bronchus

Question 31

What is Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer 31

It is a Chronic restrictive lung disease

Major risk factor is Cigarette smoking

Form of fibrosing interstitial pneumonia

Question 32

What is Pulmonary embolism

Answer 32

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a blood clot gets stuck in an artery in the lung, blocking blood flow to part of the lung. Blood clots most often start in the legs and travel up through the right side of the heart and into the lungs

Question 33

The lungs natural filter system:

Answer 33

Can naturally filter venous clots larger than circulating blood cells and can usually
accommodate small clots because of their fibrinolytic (clot buster) mechanisms

Question 34

What’s the % of deaths caused by PE in hospitals?

Answer 34

15% of hospitalised patients

Question 35

What % of cases of PE does Thromboemboli originate from deep leg
veins?

Answer 35

90% of cases

Question 36

Major causes of Thromboemboli are called Virchow’s triad and include:

Answer 36

Venous stasis (extended bed rest)

Trauma (fracture)

Coagulation disorders

Question 37

Which cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide?

Answer 37

Lung Cancer

Question 38

90% of lung cancer cases are caused by?

Answer 38

Cigarette smoking