Thorax 2 Flashcards
What is the pulmonary cavity lined by?
Each pulmonary cavity lined is by a pleural
membrane (pleura) that also reflects onto
and covers the external surface of the
lungs
Each lung is invested by and enclosed in a
serous pleural sac that consists of 2
continuous membranes:
the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura
The pleural cavity contains?
The pleural cavity contains serous pleural fluid
The lungs are the vital organs for
Respiration
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
right lung features
oblique and horizontal fissures that divide it into:
superior lobe
middle lobe
inferior lobe
The left lung features
oblique fissure dividing it into:
superior lobe
inferior lobe
Lateral and posterior surfaces of lungs
Medial surface of left lung
Medial surface of right lung
Each main bronchus gives rise
to
Lobar bronchi
Each lobar bronchus gives rise
to
the segmental bronchi
How many bronchopulmonary segments are typically in
each lung?
10
Which lungs are the bronchi shorter?
Right side
Lymphatic drainage of lungs and bronchi
Medical imaging of region
Is this a healthy or unhealthy chest x ray?
Healthy
Can see build up of gas in the colon- shows they may need to fart
Does this x ray show cancer?
Yes this is a females X-ray that shows cancer in the right lung
Chest X-ray with cancer
Is this a healthy or unhealthy CT Scan?
This is a healthy scan
this CT scan show cancer, if so how can it be detected in a Pet-CT scan?
fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET). The role of this procedure is to detect metabolically active malignant lesions including lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, breast cancer and brain cancer.
using FDG in the body’s tissues can help identify cancerous cells because they use glucose at a much faster rate than normal cell- increased use of cell activity is detected.
Detect the different lung cancers and how it shows the cancer
Pressure gradient change
Pleura punctured
Lung collapse
Increased pressure causing the heart to get pushed to the left
What is the haemothorax
Hemothorax is a collection of blood in the space between the chest wall and the lung (the pleural cavity)
What is Thoracentesis?
is a procedure to remove fluid or air from around the lungs, by inserting a needle through an intercostal space into the pleural cavity
e.g. removing blood for patient’s with haemothorax.
What is the process of thoracentesis
insert a needle through an intercostal space
into the pleural cavity (thoracentesis)
to remove blood
To avoid damage to the intercostal nerve, the needle should go above which branch?
collateral branch
Which intercostal space needs to be inserted during expiration to avoid the inferior border of the lung?
9th
Which bronchus is the Aspiration of object is more likely to travel down, left or right?
Right bronchus
What is Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
It is a Chronic restrictive lung disease
Major risk factor is Cigarette smoking
Form of fibrosing interstitial pneumonia
What is Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a blood clot gets stuck in an artery in the lung, blocking blood flow to part of the lung. Blood clots most often start in the legs and travel up through the right side of the heart and into the lungs
The lungs natural filter system:
Can naturally filter venous clots larger than circulating blood cells and can usually
accommodate small clots because of their fibrinolytic (clot buster) mechanisms
What’s the % of deaths caused by PE in hospitals?
15% of hospitalised patients
What % of cases of PE does Thromboemboli originate from deep leg
veins?
90% of cases
Major causes of Thromboemboli are called Virchow’s triad and include:
Venous stasis (extended bed rest)
Trauma (fracture)
Coagulation disorders
Which cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide?
Lung Cancer
90% of lung cancer cases are caused by?
Cigarette smoking
