Thorax Flashcards
Thoracic cage superiorly is
Bounded by an opening which is attached to the 1st Thoracic rib and a membrane known as SUPRAPLEURA MEMBRANE which is an extension of the ENDOTHORACIC FASCIA.
Suprapleura membrane is ______ inch greater than the first Thoracic rib
1
Supra pleura Membrane is connected to which cervical vertebrae
7th
In the Thoracic dermatomes, the C5-C7 forms the ___
Brachial plexus
Dermatomes are
Areas of the skin that contains spinal nerves
Cutaneous nerves above the sternal angle is
Supra clavicular nerves
Cutaneous nerves below the sternal angle are
Lateral and anterior branches of the Intercoastal nerves
Cutaneous nerves in the posterior walls are
Branches of the posterior rami of the Thoracic spinal nerves
Intercoastal muscles are divided into
External Intercoastal muscles
Internal Intercoastal muscles
Innermost Intercoastal muscles
External Intercoastal muscles are ____
*Positioned downward and forward
*Coming from the lower border of the upper rib to the upper border of the lower rib
* Originating from the rib tubercle at the back to the coastal-chondral junction at the front.
* It is incomplete and deficient at the front
* the remaining portions occupied by the external or anterior Intercoastal membrane.
Internal Intercoastal muscle _____
*is positioned downward and backward
*Is coming from the Sternum of the rib at the front to the angle of the rib at the back
*Is incomplete and deficient at the back also( i.e the remainder part is occupied by internal( posterior) Intercoastal membrane.
* From the subcostal groove of the rib above to the upper border of the rib below
Innermost Intercoastal muscles ________
- extends from one Intercoastal space to another
- Is connected posteriorly to the endothoracic fascia
- It’s divided into 3 portions.
- Its related to VAN( neurovasculature of the thorax)
- It’s also incomplete
- Originates from the medial border of the coastal groove of the superior rib.
VAN stands for
Veins
Artery
Nerve
They lie directly below the ribs
Endothoracic fascia ___
Lies between the Thoracic cage and the parietal pleura.
It extends superiorly to the Apex of the pleura where it continues as SUPRA PLEURA membrane
It also extends posteriorly where it forms a thin membrane between the diaphragm and the pleura.
VAN is located
Between the internal and the innermost Intercoastal muscles
Intercoastal nerves are _____ pairs
12
1-6 pairs are in _______
7-11 pairs are ___
12th pair ____
Intercoastal space
Anterior abdominal wall
Subcoastal nerve of the abdomen
Branches of Intercoastal nerves include 7 branches including
Lateral cutaneous branch
Anterior cutaneous branch
Muscular branch
Pleural branch
Collateral branch
Peritoneal branch
Rami communicantes
There are three Atypical Intercoastal nerves namely____
1st, 2nd and 12th
They do not follow the general pattern as the others
The First Intercoastal nerves ___
Has no anterior cutaneous branch. It is connected to the Brachial plexus via the lateral cutaneous branch.
Intercoastal nerves are
Mixed nerves
Second Intercoastal nerves is
Connected to the medial cutaneous branch by the Brachial plexus through a branch called INTERCOSTOBRACHIAL NERVE
For the posterior Intercoastal arteries , the last 9 spaces contains
Thoracic aorta
In the posterior Intercoastal arteries, the first two spaces is supplied by the
Superior Intercoastal arteries
Superior Intercoastal artery is a branch of ____
Costocervical branch of sub clavian trunk
In the anterior Intercoastal arteries, the first 6 spaces is occupied by ____
Internal Thoracic artery
In the anterior Intercoastal arteries, the last five spaces are supplied by ___
Musculophrenic arteries
In the posterior Intercoastal space, the veins that drains the right side are___
Right Brachiocephalic veins for the first space
Azygos veins for the remaining spaces
In the posterior Intercoastal space, the veins that drain from the left side are ____
Left Brachiocephalic veins for the first three spaces
Hemiazygos veins for the remaining spaces
In the anterior Intercoastal space, the veins that drain are _____
Musculophrenic veins for the last five spaces
Internal Thoracic veins for the first six spaces.
Anterior lymphatic drainage of the Intercoastal space is the
Anterior Intercoastal nodes along the internal artery
Posterior lymphatics of the Intercoastal space drains into ______
Posterior Intercoastal node along the posterior mediastinum
