thorax

Question 1

what is thorax?

Answer 1

superior part of trunk

Question 2

label superior thoracic aperture and inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 2

Question 3

what does thoracic wall consist of?

Answer 3

skin, fascia, muscles, nerves, vessels and bones

Question 4

how is skeletal framework formed in thoracic wall?

Answer 4

anteriorly - sternum
laterally - ribs
posteriorly - thoracic vertebrae

Question 5

what is sternum?

Answer 5

flat elongated bone that forms middle of anterior part of thoracic cage

Question 6

what are the three parts of sternum?

Answer 6

-manubrium
- body
- xiphoid process

Question 7

what is Manubrium of sternum?

Answer 7

• widest and thickest of three parts of sternum
• concave center and superior border of manubrium is jugular notch

Question 8

what is Body of sternum?

Answer 8

• lateral margins of body of sternum have articular facets for costal cartilages
• at junction of body and manubrium = sternal angle
• landmark for counting ribs

Question 9

what is Xiphoid process of sternum?

Answer 9

cartilaginous in young ppl but may ossify in adults older than 40

Question 10

what are Ribs?

Answer 10

• curved, flat bones that form most of thoracic cage
• twelve pairs of ribs

Question 11

what are True ribs?

Answer 11

upper seven ribs, articulate directly with sternum through their own costal cartilages

Question 12

what are False ribs?

Answer 12

• remaining 5 pairs
• costal cartilages of ribs 8th-10th articular anteriorly with costal cartilages of ribs immediately above
• 11th-12th ribs have no anterior connection with sternum or with other ribs, FLOATING RIBS

Question 13

What are the features of ribs

Answer 13

• head
• neck
• tubercle
• body
• costal groove

Question 14

What type of costovertebral joints are there

Answer 14

• joints of heads of ribs
• costotransverse joints

Question 15

what is joints of heads of ribs?

Answer 15

• head of rib articulates with bodies of 2 adjacent vertebrae

Question 16

what is Costotransverse joints?

Answer 16

• joint between tubercles of ribs and transverse process of vertebrae

Question 17

what are sternocostal joints?

Answer 17

joints between upper seven costal cartilages and sternum

Question 18

what are intercostal spaces?

Answer 18

• seperate adjacent ribs and their costal cartilages
• occupied by intercostal muscles, intercostal blood vessels and nerves

Question 19

what are the 3 intercostal muscles?

Answer 19

• external intercostal
• internal intercostal
• innermost intercostal

Question 20

Explain External intercostal muscles

Answer 20

• 11 pairs
• occupy intercostal spaces from tubercles of ribs to costochrondral junctions
• muscles run inferoanteriorly from inferior border of rib above superior border of rib below

Question 21

Explain internal intercostal muscles

Answer 21

• 11 pairs
• run deep to and at right angles to external intercostals
• fibers run inferoposteriorly from inferior border of rib above to superior border of rib inferior to them

Question 22

Explain Innermost intercostal muscles

Answer 22

• similar to internal intercostals
• seperated from internal intercostals by intercostal nerves and vessels

Question 23

What is transversus thoracis origin, insertion, function?

Answer 23

• four or five slips
  origin - xiphoid process and inferior part of the body of sternum
  insertion - 3rd-6th ribs
  function - have a weak expiratory function, pull ribs inferiorly

Question 24

What are subcostal muscles?

Answer 24

• extend from internal surfaces of one rib to internal surface of second or third rib below

Question 25

What is a Diaphragm?

Answer 25

A musculotendinous partition that separates the thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

Question 26

What is inserted into central tendon?

Answer 26

muscle fibers converge to be inserted into central tendon‹

Question 27

What is Diaphragm innervation?

Answer 27

Pherenic nerve

Question 28

Label proper parts - Inferior Vena Cava, Esophagus, Aorta

Answer 28