THORAX Flashcards
Location of the sternum
Anterior aspect of thorax, in the midline
Shape of sternum, function
T shaped flat bone , protects internal thoracic viscera(heart, lungs, esophagus)
Structure of eternal body
Flat, elongated, lots of articulate facets for 3-6 ribs. Demifacets for 2,7 ribs
What is the level of xophoid process
T10
Xiphoid process sometimes connects
7 rib
Heart is behind
Xiphoid process
Describe structure of manubrium
Most superior part of sternum with trapezoid shape, jugular notch.
Concave superior aspect of manubrium with depression called
Jugular notch
Which joint associated with manubrium
Sternoclavicular joint
Facet of manubrium is for
Demifacet of manubrium is for
1 rib
2nd rib
Inferiorly, the manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum, forming the
Sternal angle
Inferiorly, the manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum, forming the sternal angle. This can be felt as
transverse ridge of bone on the anterior aspect of the sternum. The sternal angle is commonly used as an aid to count ribs, as it marks the level of the 2nd costal cartilage
Which structure palpate trachea, lower border of body of T2 vertebrae
Suprasternal notch
Stern Al angle locates
5 cm below suprasternal notch
The ribs are counted from this level downwards , the … ends at this level. The arch of the aorta begins and also ends at this level. The descending aorta begins at this level. The trachea divides into two principal bronchi.
Sternal angle
Typically, the sternum will break into several pieces – this type of fracture is classified as
Comminuted fracture
Most common site of fracture in sternum is
the manubriosternal joint – where the manubrium meets the body of the sternum.
Despite the degree of damage to the sternum, the fragments are not usually displaced due to the attachment of the
Pectoralis muscles
They articulate with the vertebral column …., and terminate … as cartilage (known as costal cartilage).
Posteriorly
Anteriorly
The typical rib consists of
Head, neck, body
Describe head of typical ribs
wedge shaped, and has two articular facets separated by a wedge of bone. One facet articulates with the numerically corresponding vertebrae, and the other articulates with the vertebrae above.
Describe neck of typical rib
contains no bony prominences, but simply connects the head with the body. Where the neck meets the body there is a roughed tubercle, with a facet for articulation with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae.
Describe the body of typical rib
flat and curved. The internal surface of the shaft has a groove for the neurovascular supply of the thorax, protecting the vessels and nerves from damage.
Costal groove location
On the body, posterior aspect
Which ribs are atypical
1, 2, 10 11 and 12
1 rib shape is
is shorter and wider than the other ribs.
Describe facet of 1st rib
only has one facet on its head for articulation with its corresponding vertebrae (there isn’t a thoracic vertebra above it)
Superior surface of 1st rib is
marked by two grooves, which make way for the subclavian vessels.
Shape, facets of second rib
Rib 2 is thinner and longer than rib 1, and has two articular facets on the head as normal.
Upper surface of 2nd rib
has a roughened area on its upper surface, from which the serratus anterior muscle originates.
Rib 10 is atypical because of
only has one facet – for articulation with its numerically corresponding vertebrae.