Thoracic Wall

Question 1

Why is the thoracic cavity smaller than the external aspect of the chest?

Answer 1

Because the thoracic diaphragm (floor of the thoracic cavity) is invaginated inferiorly by the vicera of the abdominal cavity, the thoracic wall protect more abdominal vicera than thoracic viscera.

Question 2

Curved, flat bones that form most of the thoracic cage [Identify]

Answer 2

Ribs

Question 3

How many pairs of ribs make up the thoracic cage?

Answer 3

12

Question 4

What are three types of ribs, based on their attachment?

Answer 4

True (vertebrocostal), False (vertebrocondral), Floating (vertebral , free)

Question 5

What are the two types of ribs based on rib anatomy?

Answer 5

Typical, atypical

Question 6

Which ribs are vertebrocostal?

Answer 6

1st to 7th

Question 7

Where do true ribs attach?

Answer 7

Vertebra, posteriorly,

Sternum anteriorly through their costal cartilage

Question 8

Which ribs are vertebrochondral?

Answer 8

8, 9, and usually 10

Question 9

Where do false ribs attach?

Answer 9

Vertebra, posteriorly,

Costal cartilage of rib superior to them, anteriorly

Question 10

Which ribs are free?

Answer 10

11, 12, and sometimes 10

Question 11

Where do floating ribs attach?

Answer 11

Vertebra, posteriorly

End in posterior abdominal musculature

Question 12

Which ribs are typical?

Answer 12

3rd to 9th

Question 13

The head of a typical rib has two facets for attachment to where?

Answer 13

One attaches to corresponding vertebra, the other for vertebra superior to it

Question 14

Fourth rib’s head facets attaches to T5 and T4. True or false? If false, explain.

Answer 14

False.

It attaches to the corresponding vertebra, T4, and to vertebra superior to it, T3.

Question 15

The neck of the rib connects its head and body. True or false? If false, explain.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

A typical rib has a tubercle with two parts at the junction of the neck and body. Where do these attach?

Answer 16

The articular tubercle attaches to the transverse process of of the vertebra,
the non-articular part to the costotransverse ligament.

Question 17

What is the costal angle?

Answer 17

The part where the ribs turn anterolaterally

Question 18

The body of a typical rib has a costal groove on the internal surface for which structures?

Answer 18

Intercostal nerve and vessels

Question 19

Which are atypical ribs?

Answer 19

1st, 2nd, 11th, 12th

Question 20

The broadest, shortest, most shaply curved rib [Identify]

Answer 20

1st

Question 21

Why does the first rib have only one facet on its head?

Answer 21

It only needs facet for attachment to corresponding vertebra, since there’s no vertebra superior to it

Question 22

Which muscle attaches to the scalene tubercle of the first rib?

Answer 22

Anterior scalene muscle

Question 23

Which is the main atypical feature of the second rib?

Answer 23

Tuberosity for serratus anterior

Question 24

Which ribs have only one facet on their head?

Answer 24

1st, 10th to 12th

Question 25

Which ribs have no neck?

Answer 25

11th, 12th

Question 26

Which ribs attach only to one vertebra?

Answer 26

1st, 10th to 12th

Question 27

Which costal cartilages make up the costal margin?

Answer 27

8th to 10th

Question 28

How are intercostal spaces named?

Answer 28

They are named after the the rib at their superior border.

Question 29

The intercostal space between the 7th and 8th rib is called what?

Answer 29

7th intercostal space

Question 30

Between which ribs is the 10th intercostal space?

Answer 30

10th and 11th

Question 31

How many intercostal spaces are there?

Answer 31

11

Question 32

What is the space below the 12th rib called?

Answer 32

Subcostal space

Question 33

The intercostal spaces widen with inspiration. True or false? If false, explain.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What is the nerve of the 12th vertebra called?

Answer 34

Subcostal nerve

Question 35

How many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves are there?

Answer 35

12 pairs

Question 36

How many intercostal nerves are there?

Answer 36

11

Question 37

Branch of thoracic spinal nerve that gives rise to the intercostal nerves [Identify]

Answer 37

Anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves

Question 38

Two classifications of intercostal nerves [Identify]

Answer 38

Typical and atypical intercostal nerves

Question 39

Two first divisions of T1 [Identify]

Answer 39

1st intercostal nerve and contribution to brachial plexus

Question 40

The first intercostal nerve does not give an anterior cutaneous branch. True or false? If false, explain.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Atypical intercostal nerves [Identify]

Answer 41

1st, 2nd, (sometimes 3rd), 7th-11th

Question 42

Typical intercostal nerves [Identify]

Answer 42

3rd to 6th

Question 43

Instead of running along the inferior margin in the costal grooves, the 1st and 2nd intercostal nerves pass where?

Answer 43

Internal surface of ribs

Question 44

What forms the intercostobrachial nerve?

Answer 44

Lateral cutaneous branch of the 2nd intercostal nerve

Question 45

Structure the intercostobrachial nerve inntervates [Identify]

Answer 45

Skin and subcutaneous layer of thoracic wall

Question 46

The intercostobrachial nerve, with which nerve, innervates the medial and posterior portion of the arm?

Answer 46

Medial brachial cutaneous nerve

Question 47

The 7th to 11th intercostal nerves form which innervation of the thorax and abdomen?

Answer 47

Thoracoabdominal nerves

Question 48

Branch that connects the intercostal nerves to its ipsilateral sympathetic trunk

Answer 48

Rami communicantes

Question 49

What does the white rami communicantes connect?

Answer 49

Anterior ramus of the intercostal nerve to the ipsilateral sympathetic trunk

Question 50

What does the gray rami communicantes connect?

Answer 50

Sympathetic trunk to anterior ramus of the intercostal nerve

Question 51

White rami communicantes are postsynaptic fibers. True or false? If false, explain.

Answer 51

False. They are presynaptic fibers.

Question 52

Gray rami communicantes are presynaptic fibers. True or false? If false, explain.

Answer 52

True. They are postsynaptic fibers.

Question 53

Branches of a typical intercostal nerve [Identify]

Answer 53

Rami communicantes, collateral branches, anterior cutaneous branches, lateral cutaneous branches, muscular branches

Question 54

Branches of the lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve

Answer 54

Anterior branch, posterior branch

Question 55

Branches of the anterior cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve

Answer 55

Medial branch, lateral branch

Question 56

Lateral cutaneous branch arises near the mid axillary line. True or false? If false, explain.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

At the angle of the ribs, the typical intercostal nerve runs between the external intercostal and inner intercostal muscles. True or false? If false, explain.

Answer 57

False. It runs between the inner intercostal and innermost intercostal muscles.

Question 58

The intercostal nerve lies inferior to the intercostal artery which lies inferior to the intercostal vein. True or false? If false, explain.

Answer 58

True

Question 59

At the angle of the ribs, the typical intercostal nerve branches into which two?

Answer 59

Lateral cutaneous branch, anterior cutaneous branch

Question 60

The muscular branches supply the intercostal nerve, subcostal transverse thoracis, levatores costarum, and serratus anterior muscles. True or false? If false, explain.

Answer 60

False. They supply the serratus posterior instead of the serratus anterior muscle.

Question 61

What does the lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve innervate?

Answer 61

Skin on the lateral thoracic and abdominal wall

Question 62

What does the anterior cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve innervate?

Answer 62

Skin on the anterior aspect of thoracis and abdominal walls

Question 63

Branches of the intercostal nerve that descend to course along superior margin of lower rib [Identify]

Answer 63

Collateral branches

Question 64

The collateral branches of the intercostal nerve help supply which structures?

Answer 64

The intercostal muscles, parietal pleura