Thoracic Spine

Question 1

At the landmark of the scapular spine. What else is at the same level?

Answer 1

T4 spinous process

Question 2

At the landmark of inferior angle of the scapula what else is at the same level?

Answer 2

T7 Spinous Process

T8 Transverse Processes

Question 3

Where are the T1 to T3 spinous processes?

Answer 3

Same level as the corresponding transverse process

Question 4

Where are the T4 to T6 spinous processes?

Answer 4

One Half level below the corresponding transverse process

Question 5

Where are the T7 to T9 spinous processes?

Answer 5

One level below the corresponding transverse process

Question 6

Where is T10 spinous process?

Answer 6

Same as T7 to T9

One level below

Question 7

Where is T11 spinous process?

Answer 7

Same as T4 to T6

One half level below

Question 8

Where is T12 spinous process?

Answer 8

Same as T1 to T3

Question 9

What will a person with scoliosis present with?

Answer 9

Asymmetry of shoulders and waist

Rib prominence

Leg length discrepancies

Question 10

What is the management of scoliosis?

Answer 10

OMT based on the Cobb Angle

Question 11

What are the three Cobb Angles?

Answer 11

> 25 conservative monitor with Radiographs
25-45 Non operative bracing
45 surgical fusion prevents progression

Question 12

What is the orientation of the superior articular facets for the cervical region?

Answer 12

BUM:
Back
Upwards
Medial

Question 13

What is the orientation of the superior articular facets for the thoracic region?

Answer 13

BUL:
Back
Upwards
Lateral

Question 14

What is the orientation of the superior articular facets for the Lumbar region?

Answer 14

BM
Back
Medial

Question 15

What are the major movements of the rotatores muscles?

Answer 15

Unilaterally: Rotates the thoracic spine to opposite side

Bilaterally: Extend thoracic spine

Question 16

What are major movements of the Multifidus muscles?

Answer 16

Uni: Flex the spine to same side;
Rotate to the opposite side

Bi: Extend spine

Question 17

What muscle group do we generally associate with Freyette’s Type I?

Answer 17

Multifidus/Semispinalis ms.

Question 18

What muscle group do we generally associate with Freyette’s Type II?

Answer 18

Rotatores ms.

Question 19

What are major movements of the semispinalis muscles?

Answer 19

Uni: Bends Head, cervical and thoracic to Same Side

Bi: Rotates to the opposite side

Question 20

Type I Freyette Mechanics are _____ _____ _____ _____

Answer 20

Neutral Group Opposite Side

Question 21

Type II Freyette Mechanics are _____ _____ _____ _____

Answer 21

Flex/Extended Single Same

Question 22

Difference b/w Coupled Motion and Linking

Answer 22

Coupled Mot: One cannot occur w/o other

Linking: Provides excess motion

Question 23

What is 3rd principal of Freyette?

Answer 23

Motion restricted in one direction may be restricted in others

Motion Improved in one direction may improve in another

Question 24

What is a sacralization?

Answer 24

Fusion of L5 to Sacrum

Question 25

What is Lumbarization?

Answer 25

S1 is not fused to Sacrum

Question 26

Spondylosis?

Answer 26

Spurs of bone

Question 27

Spondylolysis?

Answer 27

Scotty Dog Fracture

Question 28

Spondylolithesis?

Answer 28

Slipping of the vertebral body in addition to fracture