Thoracic/Lumbar DSA Flashcards
Qualities of a Thoracic Vertebra
Heart-shaped body, costal facets present, spinous process is long and sloped posteroinferiorly
Qualities of a Lumbar Vertebra
Kidney-shaped body, large, shorter, broad spinous processes
For T1-3 the spinous process is located…
at the level of the corresponding transverse process
For T4-6 the spinous process is located…
a half segment below the corresponding transverse process
For T7-9 the spinous process is located…
a whole segment below the corresponding transverse process
For T10 the spinous process is located…
a whole segment below the corresponding transverse process
For T11 the spinous process is located…
a half segment below the corresponding transverse process
For T12 the spinous process is located…
at the same level as the corresponding transverse process
Which have a lordosis or a kyphosis?
a) cervical
b) sacral
c) lumbar
d) thorcacic
a) lordosis
b) kyphosis
c) lordosis
d) kyphosis
On cervical vertebrae, where is the superior facet located?
Backwards, upwards and medial
On thoracic vertebrae, where is the superior facet located?
Backwards, upwards, lateral
On the lumbar vertebrae, where is the superior facet located?
Backwards and medial
What do the following ligaments connect?
a) Anterior Spinal Ligament
b) Posterior Pinal Ligament
c) Ligamentum Flava
d) Interspinous ligaments
e) Intertransverse ligaments
a) Anterior aspect of vertebral bodies, prevents hyperextension
b) Posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies, resists hyperflexion and posterior herniation of nucleus pulposus
c) Laminae of adjacent vertebrae
d) Adjoining spinous processes
e) Adjoining transverse processes
ROM degrees for flexion, extension, rotation, and sidebending of thoracic and lumbar spine
Flexion: 40-90, Extension: 20-45, Rotation: 3-18, Sidebending: 15-30
What are the transversospinalis muscles of the spine?
Rotatores brevis- from spinous process to transverse process of adjacent vertebra
Rotatores longi- from transverse process to spinous process one vertebrae away
Multifidus- same setup that skips 2-4 vertebrae
Sepispinalis (capitus, thoracis, cervicalis)- skips 5 or more vertebrae
Example of coupled motion?
Sidebending and rotation of spine
What part of the vertebrae do we always reference when referring to motion?
The anterior superior surface of the vertebrae
Fryette’s Principles- History
Who developed the accompanying third principle?
Harrison Fryette described physiologic motion of the thoracic and lumbar spine and published in 1918 Two principles of spinal motion
C.R. Nelson developed the third principle in 1948
Fryette Type One Spinal Mechanics
In a neutral position, sidebending and rotation are coupled in OPPOSITE directions. Most commonly a group of affected vertebrae, but can be a single vertebra
Ex. T1-3 S(r)R(l)
Fryette Type Two Spinal Mechanics
In a flexed or extended position, sidebending and rotation are coupled in the SAME direction, tend to be singly affected vertebrae
Ex. T9 S(r)R(r)
Third Principle
Initiating movement of a vertebral segment in any plane of motion with modify the movement of that segments in other planes of motion, so if it is restricted in one direction, it will also be restricted in other directions. Same for improvement
Translating a vertebrae to the right means…
Sidebending to the left
Dextro vs. Levoscoliosis
Left sidebent vs Right sidebent
Complication in scoliosis Cobb angle >50 degrees
Complication in angle >75
Respiratory compromise
Cardiac compromise
