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Rad Anat > Thoracic Lumbar > Flashcards

Thoracic Lumbar Flashcards

1
Q

Minimal Diagnostic for thoracic

A

AP

Lateral

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2
Q

Lumbar Oblique views are taken with the patient coronal plane at what Degree to the film?

A

45 degrees

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3
Q

What would you see with RAO and LPO imaging of the lumbar?

A

Left pars interarticularis

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4
Q

Cobb method measured in which view?

A

AP spine

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5
Q

Finds end vertebrae at Scoliosis extremes and draw lines parallel to the superior endplate of the caudad vertebra. Is which type of measurement

A

Cobbs Scoliosis measurement

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6
Q

Cobbs Scoliosis has errors up to ?

A

Up to 10 degrees

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7
Q

Curves ________ require bracing.

A

> 20degrees

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8
Q

_______ may need surgery

A

> 40 degrees

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9
Q

At what age would you monitor scoliosis

A

10-15yo

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10
Q

Which method would you identify inferior vertebral body (T12) and superior vertebral body and lines parallel to body margins construct perpendicular lines and measure angles?

A

Thoracic Kyphosis

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11
Q

Which method measurement would you identify inferior vertebral body (Sacral base) and superior vertebral body (L1) draw lines parallel to body margins and construct perpendicular lines and measure angles?

A

Lumbar lordosis

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12
Q

At what degrees would lumbar lordosis be normal?

A

50-60 degrees

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13
Q

How would you measure thoracic cage dimension

A

Measure anterior body margin of T8 to posterior margins of sternum

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14
Q

What is the minimum thoracic cage dimension for Males?

A

Minimum 11 cm

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15
Q

What is the minimum thoracic cage dimension for Females?

A

Minimum 9cm

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16
Q

Drawing lines parallel to Sacral base and lines parallel to bottom of image and measuring to angle would give you?

A

Sacral base angle

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17
Q

Drawing a line along inferior body of L5 and line along sacral base and measuring the angle will give you?

A

Lumbosacral disc angle

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18
Q

What is normal range for lumbosacral disc angle?

A

10 degrees to 15 degrees

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19
Q

Posterior body line (George’s line) is used to measure what?

A

anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis

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20
Q

_______ is when posterior-inferior body corners of one vertebra is anterior to the posterior-superior body corner of the level below

A

anterolisthesis

21
Q

_____________is when posterior-inferior body corner of one vertebra is posterior to the posterior-superior body corner of the level below

A

Retrolisthesis

22
Q

Meyerding’s grading of anterolisthesis Grade 1?

A

Posterior 25%

23
Q

Meyerding’s grading of anterolisthesis Grade 2

A

Posterior 25%-50%

24
Q

Meyerding’s grading of anterolisthesis Grade 3

A

50%-75% from posterior margin of base

25
Q

Meyerding’s grading of anterolisthesis Grade 4

A

75%-100% from posterior

26
Q

Meyerding’s grading of anterolisthesis Grade 5

A

spondyloptosis; posterior-inferior of L5 lies anterior to sacral promontory

27
Q

Another method of identifying L5 anterolisthesis by drawing one line parallel to sacral base and drawing second line perpendicular to the first at the point of the sacral promontory the anterior of the L5 vertebral body should be at or behind the perpendicular line. This method of measurement is known as

A

Ullman’s line

28
Q

This method you draw a line, at any level, connecting the tip of the superior articular process and the tip of the inferior articular process and measure from this line to the posterior body margin.

A

Eisenstein’ method of sagittal canal diameter

29
Q

What is the minimum measurement for Eisenstein’s method of sagittal canal diameter?

A

Minimum measurement in the lumbar spine is 15mm

30
Q

How would you measure interpedicular distance?

A

Measure from the medial margin of one pedicle to the medial margin of the opposite side pedicle.

31
Q

What is the minimum/measurement range for the interpedicular distance?

A

Normal ranges varies from level to level.

Gradually increasing from L1 to L5. And can also be measured in the thoracic spine

32
Q

Lumbar gravity line uses which angle radiograph?

A

Lateral lumbar

33
Q

How do you measure the lumbar gravity line?

A

Find center of body of L3 and draw a vertical lie from center point of L3. The line should intersect the anterior one third of the sacral base.

34
Q

IN the lumbar gravity line the line should not be more than ________ anterior to the base

A

10mm

35
Q

This is a measurement from anterior margin of the sacrum to posterior margin of the rectum. (Identified by gas shadows)

A

Presacral space

36
Q

What is the normal measurement for presacral space?

A

Less than 2cm in adults and less than 5mm in children under 15

37
Q

How to do measure the pubic symphysis width?

A

Measure joint space at midpoint

38
Q

What are the normal measurements of pubic symphysis width for males an females

A

Max 6mm in females and max 7.2mm in males

39
Q

Normal Sacral Base angle

A

26-57 degrees

40
Q

Risser-Ferguson Scoliosis is

A

10 degrees below Cobbs (25%)

41
Q

The endplates. Of the opposed segments diverge posteriorly in the lateral view

A

Flexion

42
Q

The endplates of the opposed segments converge more than normal posteriorly in the later view

A

Extension

43
Q

The endplates of the opposed segments diverge laterally on one side and converge on the other side in the anteroposterior view.

A

Lateral Flexion

44
Q

The pedicles will be asymmetrical in shape, and the spinous may be deviated in the anteroposterior view

A

Rotation

45
Q

An anterior displacement of one vertebral body in relation to the vertebra below

A

Anteolisthesis

46
Q

A posterior displacement of one vertebral body in relation to the vertebra below

A

Retrolisthesis

47
Q

A sideways displacement of one vertebral body in relation to the vertebra below

A

Laterolisthesis

48
Q

Gross assessment using George’s line should be no more that _____________ from flexion to extension or compression to traction

A

4 mm of translation

49
Q

Spine instability can also compare disc angles from flexion to extension. Disc angle change ________

A

< 10 degrees

Rad Anat (2 decks)

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