Thoracic Limb

Question 1

Superficial pectoral

Answer 1

O: first 2 sternebrae and usually part of the third; ventral raphe
I: whole crest of the greater tubercle of humerus
A: adduct limb when weight bearing, or prevent limb from being abducted when bearing weight
IV: ventral branch of spinal nerves C7 C8
AR: External thoracic artery

Question 2

Brachiocephalicus

Answer 2

O: clavicular intersection
I: Dorsal medial raphe of neck and mastoid process
A: Advance limb, extend shoulder, laterally flex neck
IV: Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves and accessory nerve
AR: Superficial cervical artery

Question 3

Cutaneous truncai

Answer 3

O: Superficial fascia of trunk
I: Caudal border of deep pectoral and fascia of medial
A: Twitch skin
IV: lateral thoracic nerve
AR: Lateral thoracic artery

Question 4

Deltoideus

Answer 4

O: Spine and acromion of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity
A: Flex shoulder
IV: Axillary nerve
AR: Superficial cervical artery; caudal circumflex humeral

Question 5

Deep pectoral

Answer 5

O: ventral part of the sternum add the fibrous raphe; deep abdominal fascia in region of xiphoid cartilage
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus, aponeurosis to greater tubercle and crest, caudal part to medial brachial fascia
A: When limb advanced and in supporting position: to pull trunk cranially and to extend shoulder joint. When limb not supporting weight: to draw limb caudally and flex the shoulder joint. Adduct limb
IV: Caudal pectoral nerves C8, T1

Question 6

Sternocephalicus

Answer 6

O: First sternebra or manubrium
I: Mastoid part of temporal bone and nuchal crest of occipital bone
A: Draw head and neck to side
IV: Accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

Question 7

Sternohyoideus

Answer 7

O: First sternebra and first costal cartilage
I: Basihyoid bone
A: Pull tongue and larynx caudally
IV: Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

Question 8

Sternothyroideus

Answer 8

O: First costal cartilage
I: Caudolateral surface of thyroid cartilage
A: Pull tongue and larynx caudally
IV: Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves and hypolossal nerve

Question 9

Omotransversarius

Answer 9

O: Distal end of scapular spine
I: Wing of atlas
A: Advance limb or flex neck laterally
IV: Accessory nerve

Question 10

Trapezius

Answer 10

O: Median raphe of neck and supraspinous ligament
I: Spine of scapula
A: Elevate and abduct forelimb
IV: Accessory nerve

Question 11

Rhomboideus

Answer 11

O: Nuchal crest of occipital bone; median fibrous raphe of neck; spinous processes of first 7 vertebrae
I: Dorsal border and adjacent surfaces of scapula
A: Elevate forelimb and draw scapula against trunk
IV: Ventral branches of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Question 12

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 12

O: Thoracolumbar fascia from spinous processes of lumbar and last 7 or 8 thoracic vertebrae; a muscular attachment to the last 2 or 3 ribs
I: Teres major tuberosity of humerus and teres minor tendon
A: Draw free limb caudally as in digging, flex shoulder joint
IV: Thoracodorsal nerve C7, C8, T1

Question 13

Serratus ventralis

Answer 13

O: Transverse processes of the last 5 cervical vertebrae and the first 7 or 8 ribs ventral to the middle
I: Serrated face of scapula
A: Support trunk and depress scapula
IV: Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves and the long thoracic nerve C7

Question 14

Infraspinatus

Answer 14

O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Lateral side of greater tubercle of humerus
A: Extend or flex joint, abduct shoulder and rotate humerus laterally. To prevent medial rotation when weight bearing and provide lateral stability to shoulder joint
IV: Suprascapular nerve

Question 15

Teres minor

Answer 15

O: Infraglenoid tubercle and distal third of the caudal border of the scapula
I: Teres minor tuberosity of humerus
A: Flex shoulder, rotate shoulder laterally, and prevent medially rotation when bearing weight
IV: Axillary nerve

Question 16

Supraspinatus

Answer 16

O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Extend and stabilize shoulder joint
IV: Suprascapular nerve

Question 17

Subscapularis

Answer 17

O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
A: To adduct, extend, and medially stabilize shoulder joint. To rotate the shoulder joint medially and prevent lateral rotation when bearing weight.
IV: Subscapular nerve

Question 18

Teres major

Answer 18

O: Caudal angle and caudal border of scapula; caudal surface of subscapularis
I: Major tuberosity of humerus
A: Flex shoulder joint, rotate shoulder joint medially, prevent lateral rotation when weight bearing
IV: Axillary nerve

Question 19

Coracobrachialis

Answer 19

O: Coracoid process of scapula
I: Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus proximal to terms major tuberosity
A: Adduct, extend, and stabilize shoulder joint
IV: Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 20

Tensor fasciae antebrachii

Answer 20

O: Fascia covering the lateral side of latissimus dorsi
I: Olecranon
A: Extend elbow joint
IV: Radial nerve

Question 21

Triceps brachii

Answer 21

O: Caudal border of scapula
I: Olecranon tuber
A: Extend elbow joint and flex shoulder joint
IV: Radial nerve

Question 22

Lateral head of triceps

Answer 22

O: Tricipital line of humerus
I: Olecranon
A: Extend elbow joint
IV: Radial nerve

Question 23

Accessory head of triceps

Answer 23

O: Neck of humerus
I: Olecranon
A: extend elbow joint
IV: Radial nerve

Question 24

Medial head of triceps

Answer 24

O: Crest of lesser tubercle near trees major tuberosity
I: Olecranon
A: Extend elbow joint
IV: radial nerve

Question 25

Anconeus

Answer 25

O: Lateral supracondylar crest and lateral and medial epicondyle of humerus
I: olecranon
A: Extend elbow joint
IV: Radial nerve

Question 26

Biceps brachii

Answer 26

O: Supraglenoid tubercle
I: Ulnar and radial tuberosities
A: Flex elbow joint and extend shoulder joint
IV: Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 27

Brachialis

Answer 27

O: Proximal third of lateral surface of humerus
I: Ulnar and radial tuberosities
A: Flex elbow joint
IV: Musculocutaneous nerve