Thoracic Cavity, Heart, Lungs, Abdominal Wall Flashcards
What is the origin of the diaphragm?
Xiphoid process of sternum, lower ribs, bodies of upper lumbar vertebrae
What is the insertion of the diaphragm?
Central tendon of diaphragm (connects to apex of pericardial sac)
What is the action of the diaphragm?
Increases volume of thoracic cavity for inspiration
What is the innervation of the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
What is the origin of the external intercostals?
Lower border of superior rib
What is the insertion of the external intercostals?
Upper border of inferior rib
What is the action of the external intercostals?
Lift lower rib to expand thoracic cavity for inspiration
What is the innervation of the external intercostals?
Intercostal nerves (T1-T12)
What is the origin of the internal intercostals?
Upper border of inferior rib
What is the insertion of the internal intercostals?
Lower border of superior rib
What is the action of the internal intercostals?
Pull upper rib downward to collapse thoracic cavity for expiration
What is the innervation of the internal intercostals?
Intercostal nerves (T1-T12)
What is the origin of the transversus thoracis?
Lower 1/3 of posterior sternum, xiphoid and costal cartilages of ribs 4-7 near sternal end
What is the insertion of the transversus thoracis?
Inner surfaces of ribs 2-6 and adjacent cartilage
What is the action of the transversus thoracis?
Pulls upper rib downward and medially to collapse thoracic cavity for expiration
What is the innervation of the transversus thoracis?
Intercostal nerves (T2-T6)
What is the origin of the rectus abdominis?
Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?
Xiphoid process and cartilage of ribs 5-7
What are the actions of the rectus abdominis?
Flexion of trunk, assists in forced expiration, defecation, urination and parturition
What is the innervation of the rectus abdominis?
Ventral rami spinal nerves T7-T12
What is the origin of the external oblique?
Inferior eight ribs
What is the insertion of the external oblique?
Iliac crest of ilium, pubis, linea alba
What are the actions of the external oblique?
Working together: compression of abdomen, flexion of trunk; working individually: rotation of trunk, especially at lumbar region, assists in forced expiration, defecation, urination and parturition
What is the innervation of the external oblique?
Ventral rami spinal nerves T7-T12
What is the origin of the internal oblique?
Iliac crest of ilium, thoracolumbar fascia
What is the insertion of the internal oblique?
Cartilage of inferior 3 or 4 ribs, linea alba
What are the actions of the internal oblique?
Working together: compression of abdomen, flexion of trunk; working individually: rotation of trunk, especially at lumbar region, assists in forced expiration, defecation, urination and parturition
What is the innervation of the internal oblique?
Ventral rami spinal nerves T7-T12
What is the origin of the transverse abdominis?
Iliac crest of ilium, cartilage of inferior six ribs
What is the insertion of the transverse abdominis?
Pubic crest, linea alba
What is the action of the transverse abdominis?
Compress abdomen, assists in forced expiration, defecation, urination and parturition
What is the innervation of the transverse abdominis?
Ventral rami spinal nerves T7-T12
What are the sections of the Aorta?
- Ascending Aorta
- Aortic Arch and its branches
- Descending Aorta
What branches come from the Aortic Arch?
- Brachiocephalic Trunk
- Right common carotid a.
- Right subclavian a.
- Left common carotid a.
- Left subclavian a.
What are the sections of the Descending Aorta?
- Thoracic Aorta
- Abdominal Aorta
What are the main Coronary Arteries?
- Right Coronary Artery and its branches
- Left Coronary Artery and its branches
What are the main Coronary Veins?
- Great cardiac V
- Small cardiac V
- Middle cardiac V
- Coronary sinus
Blood flow through the heart
- Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Coronary Sinus
- Right atrium
- Tricuspid Valve
- Right Ventricle
- Pulmonary Valve
- Pulmonary Arteries
- Lungs
- Pulmonary Veins
- Left Atrium
- Mitral Valve
- Left Ventricle
- Aortic Valve
- Aorta
How many lobes and fissures does the right lobe have?
3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior) and 2 fissures (horizontal and oblique)
How many lobes and fissures does the left lobe have?
2 lobes (superior and inferior (more towards the back))
1 fissure (oblique)
Right Coronary Artery and its branches and what it supplies
Right Coronary: right atrium and parts of both ventricle
- Marginal Arteries: surface of the right atrium
- Posterior Descending Artery: bottom of both ventricles
Left Coronary Artery and its branches
Left Coronary: left atrium and ventricle and the septum
- Circumflex Artery: left ventricle
- Left Anterior Descending Artery: right and left ventricles
