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Thoracic Cavity - Anatomy 08/14/17 > Thoracic Cavity - Anatomy 08/14/17 > Flashcards

Thoracic Cavity - Anatomy 08/14/17 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 parts to the sternum?

A
  1. Manubrium
  2. Sternal Angle
  3. Body
  4. Xiphoid Process
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2
Q

How many ribs are in the thoracic cavity?

A

12

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3
Q

True Ribs

A

1-7. Connect to sternum by costal cartilage

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4
Q

False Ribs

A

8-10. Connect indirectly to sternum

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5
Q

Floating Ribs

A

11-12. Do not connect with anything

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6
Q

What does the costal margin do?

A

Joins cartilage of ribs 7-10

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7
Q

Where does second rib attach?

A

Sternal angle

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8
Q

What are the 4 parts of rub structure?

A
  1. Head
  2. Tubercle
  3. Costal angle
  4. Costal groove
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9
Q

Where is the weakest part of the rib?

A

Just anterior to costal angle

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10
Q

What is an important part of the 1st rib?

A

Contains grooves for on superior surface for subclavian vein and artery

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11
Q

What ribs are most commonly fractured?

A

Ribs 3-8

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12
Q

Is first rib often fractured?

A

No - in protected position

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13
Q

What else is damaged in a rib fracture?

A

Vessels and nerves

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14
Q

What is flail chest?

A

Multiple ribs with multiple fractures that stack on top of each other

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15
Q

What important things enter the Superior Thoracic Aperature?

A
  1. Food
  2. Air
  3. Venous blood
  4. Vagus nerve
  5. Phrenic nerve
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16
Q

What passes through Inferior Thoracic Aperature?

A
  1. Food
  2. Vagus nerve
  3. Arterial blood in aorta
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17
Q

What is Thoracic inlet/outlet?

A

Superior/Inferior Thoracic Aperature

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18
Q

What are the 7 accessory muscles of respiration

A

1-3. Aterior/Middle/Posterior Scalene

  1. Pectoralis Major
  2. Serratus Anterior
  3. Subclavius
  4. Pectoralis Minor
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19
Q

What 2 things do all the scalene muscles do?

A
  1. Fix 1st and 2nd ribs in forceful inspiration

2. Innervate C3-C6 spinal nerves

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20
Q

What are the 4 attachments to the pec major?

A
  1. Clavicle
  2. Sternum to 7th rib
  3. Costal cartilage
  4. Bicipital groove of humerus
21
Q

What muscle protracts and rotates scapula?

A

Serratus Anterior

22
Q

What muscles pulls the clavicle down and forward?

A

Subclavius and Pec Minor

23
Q

What are the 4 muscles of respiration?

A

1-3. External/Internal/Innermost Intercostals

4. Subcostal

24
Q

Which muscle is most active in inspiration?

A

External intercostals

25
Q

Which muscle is most active in exhalation?

A

Internal intercostals

26
Q

What separates the innermost costals from that internal?

A

Nerves and vessels

27
Q

What does the subcostal cross?

A

2 intercostal spaces

28
Q

Why do we put our hands or bodies in certain positions when it is hard to breath?

A

It allows all accessory muscles to contribute

29
Q

How does the thoracic wall move during flail chest?

A

Inward on inspiration, outward on on expiration

30
Q

What 4 things does the Posterior Branch of the Intercostal Arteries supply?

A
  1. Spinal cord
  2. Back
  3. Muscle mm?
  4. Skin
31
Q

How do costal grooves group the structures superior to inferior?

A
  1. Vain
  2. Artery
  3. Nerve

VAN

32
Q

What do the Posterior Intercostal Arteries supply?

A
  1. Intercostal mm?
  2. Overlaying skin
  3. Parietal Pleura
33
Q

What is the Parietal Pleura?

A

Membrane attached to inner surface of thoracic cavity

34
Q

What do the Anterior Intercostal Arteries supply?

A
  1. ICS 1-9 including intercostal mm
  2. Overlying skin
  3. Parietal pleura
35
Q

Where do the Internal Thoracic Arteries descend to?

A

Thorax posterior to clavicle

36
Q

What does anastomose mean?

A

Two vessels bring together blood

37
Q

What do the anterior and posterior intercostal veins do?

A

Anastomose with each other to drain vertebral venous plexuses

38
Q

What is a plexus?

A

Intersecting nerves

39
Q

What forms the intercostal nn? (nn?)

A

Anterior rami from T1-T11 thoracic spinal nerves

40
Q

What thoracic nerve forms the subcostal

A

Anterior ramus T12

41
Q

Where are intercostal grooves located?

A

Within the costal grooves on the ribs

42
Q

What are the 5 branches to intercostal nerves?

A
  1. Rami communicantes
  2. Collateral branches
  3. Muscular branches
  4. Lateral cutaneous branches
  5. Anterior cutaneous branches
43
Q

What does the Rami Communicantes supply?

A

Sympathetics to smooth muscles, walls of organs, glands

44
Q

What do the collateral branches supply?

A

Intercostal muscles and parietal pleura

45
Q

What do lateral cutaneous branches supply?

A

Skin of thoracic and abdominal walls

46
Q

What do the anterior cutaneous branches supply?

A

Skin on anterior surface of thorax and abdomen

47
Q

What happens in an intercostal nerve block?

A

Nerve endings in skin and transmission of impulses through sensory nerves are interrupted before they reach spinal cord and brain

48
Q

How many nerves need to be anesthetized?

A

2 or more - want to inject as close to nerve as possible

49
Q

Define collateral circulation

A

Alternate circulation around a blocked artery or vein via another path

Thoracic Cavity - Anatomy 08/14/17 (1 decks)

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