Thoracic/Cardio Flashcards
Differing features of LAM and LCH?
Pleural Fibroma Features
- Benign tumours
- Are NOT associated with prior aesbestos exposure
- Tend to be asymptommatic unless large
- 1/3 undergo malignant transformation
- Associated with hypertropic pulmonary oesteoarthropathy
- a paraneoplastic phenomenon
- seen as a periosteal reaction (due to new bone formation)
- usually seen in distal phalanges
BURNING PAIN WITH SWELLING AND STIFFNESS = HPOA
What is pathonomic of previous Aesbestos exposure?
BILATERAL calcified pleural plaques
-Costophrenic angles are SPARED
Causes of calicifed mediastinal lymph nodes?
Cancers associated with Lymphangitis Carcinomatosis?
What are 5Ts of anterior mediastinal masses?
Teratoma (seminoma)
Thymoma
Thyroid
Thoracic aorta
Terrible Lymphoma (Hodgkins usually anterior and Non-hodgkins posterior)
Differences in Hodgkins and Non Hodgkins Lymphoma?
Staging?
Spread?
What specific finding is seen in Constrictive Pericarditis?
Interventricular dependence. Also known as diastolic septal bounce.
Thickened pericardium also suggests contrictive pericarditis
What finding of Cardiac amyloid is seen on cardiac MRI?
Diffuse subendochondral late gadolinium enhancement
Raised myocardial native T1
Cardiac amyloid is leading cause of RESTRICTIVE Cardiomyopathy
What are some features of pulmonary hamartoma?
- Fat containing lesion
- Popcorn calcification
- Tend to be peripheral
Carcinoid tends to be centrally located
What is Carneys Triad?
PGE
- Pulmonary Chondromas
- Gastric Leiomyosarcoma (GIST)
- Extra-adrenal paraganglioma
What is Carney Syndrome?
FAST
What is TNM staging for Lung Ca?
What are unresectable lung tumours staging?
Unresectable tumours are T4, N3 or M1
What are 3 different patterns of lung nodules?
What are contraindications to IVC filter placement?
Which primary cancers have the highest incidence of Lung mets?
CHEST
Most common origins of Lung Mets?
AAA Screening timeframe for size?
Cardiomyopathies MRI enhancement
Epicardial - SMAC
Subendocardial - CAP
Midwall - MDH
CAP - Crest/Amyloidosis/Post heart transplant
What is Nocardia?
Who does it occur in?
What are its features?
What is important NEGATIVE?
Rare infection that occurs mostly in BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT PATIENTS and with AIDs
- Lobar consolidation
- Nodules with cavitation
- NO lymph node enlargement
What causes mediastinal lymph node calcification?
What causes mediastinal popcorn calcification?
TB
Histoplasmosis
Mets (from thyroid)
POPCORN (SST)
- Silicosis
- Sarcoidosis
- TREATED Lymphoma
What are differentials for cavitating lesions?
What is mnemonic?
C Cancer
A Autoimmine (Wegners, Rheumatoid)
V Vascular (septic emboli)
I Infection (abscess, TB, cavitating pneumonia,
T Trauma (pneumatocele)
Y Youth (sequestration, CPAM, bronchogenic cyst)
What are the 2 features of pulmonary sequestration?
What are the 2 types?
How to differentiate types?
- Blood supply arises from aorta
- Lung segment has no communication with the bronchial tree
Intralobular: MORE common
Segment
- Does NOT have its own pleura
- Drains normally via pulmonary vein
- Recurrent pneumonias
Extralobular: LESS common
-Has own pleura
Assc with other congenital abnormalities
-Venous drainage via systemic circ
Differentiate: INTRALOBULAR has aeration
EXTRALOBULAR has no aeration
What are chest features of amniotic fluid embolus?
Usually florid pulmonary oedema
CT with ground glass in AIDS patient
What is cause?
PCP
AIDS
Lung cysts, ground glass, pneumothorax
What is cause?
PCP
What is most common cause of acute onset focal airspace opacity in AIDS?
Strep pneumonia (or TB if low CD4)
If chronic - Lymphoma or Kaposi
Facts re TB
What are the 2 types of non tuberculous mycobacteria?
How to separate into 4 different presentations?
- Mycobacterium avium complex
- Mycobacterium kansaii
Is Aspergilloma seen in suppressed immune system or normal?
Seen in normal imune system. Where aspergillus grows in a known cavity
What is Lemmiere syndrome?
Jugular vein thrombosis with septic emboli
Seen after an oropharyngeal infection or recent ENT surg
Caused by fusobacterium necrophorim