Thoracic Cage and Others System

Question 1

is a typical flat bone, is a result of the fusion of three
bones—the manubrium, body and xiphoid process.

Answer 1

Sternum

Question 2

is the upper segment which in early life is separated
from the body by cartilage but later it fuses with the body.

Answer 2

Manubrium

Question 3

is that part that extend from the
manubrium to the Xiphoid process.

Answer 3

Body of the sternum or gladiolus

Question 4

is the lower pointed end below the
body at the level of T10.

Answer 4

Xiphoid or insiform process

Question 5

is the concave upper border of the manubrium at
the level of T3.

Answer 5

Supra sternal or jugular notch

Question 6

are depressions found at each lateral border of the supra-
sternal notch.

Answer 6

Clavicular notch

Question 7

Clavicular notch and the medial end of the clavicle form the

Answer 7

Sterno-clavicular joint

Question 8

are depressions on each lateral margin of the sternum which
articulate with the costal cartilages.

Answer 8

Costal notches

Question 9

is the prominent transverse ridge at the junction of the
manubrium and the body of the sternum at the level of T4-T5.

Answer 9

Sternal angle or angle of Lewis

Question 10

are flat curved bones
that form part of the
posterior wall, the entire lateral wall and part of the anterior wall of the thorax.

Answer 10

Ribs

Question 11

is the slightly expanded posterior end which articulate with the pits on
the adjacent border of the vertebra.

Answer 11

Head

Question 12

is the slightly constricted part lateral to the head.

Answer 12

Neck

Question 13

is a small prominence lateral to the neck. It forms a
joint with the anterior surface of the adjacent transverse process
of a vertebra.

Answer 13

Tubercle

Question 14

are two pits on the head of the rib that
articulate with a facet on a single vertebral body.

Answer 14

Articular facet

Question 15

is a long flat, curved part that passes from the neck
around the chest wall.

Answer 15

Shaft

Question 16

part that articulate with the costal
cartilage.

Answer 16

Anterior or sternal end

Question 17

are 12 pairs of cartilaginous flat plates on the anterior
chest wall.

Answer 17

Costal cartilages

Question 18

is an extra rib present on one or both sides
above the normal first rib.

Answer 18

Cervical rib

Question 19

is a short extra
rib present below the 12th rib, arising from
the first lumbar body.

Answer 19

Lumbar rib

Question 20

one or more ribs maybe absent on one or both sides.

Answer 20

Absence of a rib

Question 21

an anomaly wherein the anterior end of the adjacent rib are one.

Answer 21

Fused rib

Question 22

an anomaly wherein the
sternum maybe depressed and thus decreases the
antero-posterior diameter of the chest.

Answer 22

Pectus excavatum

Question 23

anomaly
wherein there is protrusion of the sternum.

Answer 23

Pecrtus cariatum / pigeon’s chest

Question 24

is a hollow, bent
cylinder with bony walls located at the lower end of the vertebral column and is
consist of 3 parts:

Answer 24

Pelvis/Hip Bone/Os Coxae/Os Innominatum/ Innominate Bone

Question 25

is a cup-shaped cavity or socket on the outer surface of the Innominate bone at the junction of its three parts that accommodate the femoral head and forming the hip joint.

Answer 25

Acetabulum

Question 26

is a large opening in the lower part of the Innominate bone where its margins are formed by the rami of the ischium and of the pubis. Is the largest foramen in the human skeletal system.

Answer 26

Obturator foramen

Question 27

ILIUM, ISCHIUM & PUBIS.

Answer 27

Three fused bone

Question 28

forms the upper 2/5 of the acetabulum and all the Innominate bone above this socket.

Answer 28

Ilium

Question 29

is the thickened part, close to and above the acetabulum

Answer 29

Body of the ilium

Question 30

is a thin, upper, flat curved part above the body.

Answer 30

Ala or wings

Question 31

is the upper curved border of the wing at approximate level of L4. This can be felt through its entire length through the lateral wall of the abdomen.

Answer 31

Crest of ilium ir iliac crest

Question 32

is the prominent anterior end of the iliac crest and can readily be palpated through the skin.

Answer 32

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Question 33

lies on the front or anterior border about 1 inch below the ASIS.

Answer 33

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Question 34

is the thickened part immediately below and behind the acetabulum.

Answer 34

Body of ischium

Question 35

part that extends down from the body.

Answer 35

Superior or descending ramus

Question 36

part that passes forward and medially from the lower end of the superior ramus.

Answer 36

Inferior or ascending ramus

Question 37

is the large rounded prominence on the back of the superior ramus. It supports the weight of the body when the subject is sitting.

Answer 37

Tuberosity of spine or spine tuberosity

Question 38

is a pointed process that extends back and medially from the posterior part of the body of the ischium.

Answer 38

Ischial Spine or spin of ischium

Question 39

forms the anterior 1/5 of the acetabulum and the lower anterior part of the Innominate bone.

Answer 39

Pubis or pubic bone

Question 40

is the flat medial or inner part adjacent to the symphysis pubis or pubic joint.

Answer 40

Body of the pubis

Question 41

part extending up, back and out from the body to the acetabulum.

Answer 41

Greater or ascending ramus

Question 42

part that passes down and back from the lower part of the body to meet the inferior ramus of the ischium.

Answer 42

Inferior or descending ramus

Question 43

is the joint between the bodies of the two pubic bones.

Answer 43

Symphysis pubic or pubic symphony

Question 44

is the outer border that lies behind and close to the armpit.

Answer 44

Axillary or lateral border

Question 45

is the short upper border which has a depression on the lateral end called “Scapular Notch”

Answer 45

Upper or superior border

Question 46

is the inner end at its junction with the vertebral border.

Answer 46

Medial or superior angle

Question 47

is the rounded lower end of the body of the scapula.

Answer 47

Inferior angle

Question 48

is a narrow ridge or crest of bone that projects back from the posterior surface of the body. It passes transversely from the medial to the lateral border.

Answer 48

Spine of scapula ir scapular spine

Question 49

is a flat rounded bony prominence continuous with the lateral end of the spine of the scapula.

Answer 49

Acromion

Question 50

is a poorly defined slightly expanded part lateral to the neck.

Answer 50

Head of scapula

Question 51

is the thickened, slightly constricted part from the body

Answer 51

Neck of scapula

Question 52

is an oval depression on the outer surface of the head, somewhat cup-shaped. This accommodate the head of the humerus, forming the shoulder joint.

Answer 52

Glenoid cavity

Question 53

is a beak-like projection of bone continuous with and projecting forward from the neck of the scapula.

Answer 53

Coracoid process

Question 54

is a long cylindrical bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow joint.

Answer 54

Humerus/arm/brachium

Question 55

is the smooth, expanded, rounded upper end that articulate with the Glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the “Shoulder joint”.

Answer 55

Head of the humerus

Question 56

is the slightly constricted, obliquely directed part adjacent to the head.

Answer 56

Anatomical neck

Question 57

is the large rounded bony prominence on the upper, lateral border just below the anatomical neck. It has a small depression for the insertion of the Spinatus muscle.

Answer 57

Greater tubercle or tuberculum majur

Question 58

is a small bony prominence on the front of the upper humerus just below the anatomical neck.

Answer 58

Lesser tubercle or tuberculum minor

Question 59

is the constricted part of the upper humerus below the tubercles. It is called surgical neck as fracture may occur in this area especially in elderly.

Answer 59

Surgical neck

Question 60

is the long rounded part that becomes flattened from front to back as it approaches the elbow.

Answer 60

Shaft/body/diaphysis

Question 61

is a rough prominence on the front or anterior surface above the midpoint of the humerus into which the Deltoid muscle inserts.

Answer 61

Deltoid tubercle or deltoid tuberosity

Question 62

is that part on the distal end of the humerus that articulate with the semi-lunar notch of the ulna.

Answer 62

Trochea/pulley

Question 63

is a small rounded prominence also on the lower end of the humerus that lies on the outer or lateral side of the trochlea.

Answer 63

Capitulum / capitellum

Question 64

is a depression on the front of the humerus immediately above the trochlea.

Answer 64

Coracoid process

Question 65

is a depression on the back or posterior surface of the humerus above the trochlea into which the olecranon fits when the forearm is extended.

Answer 65

Olecranon fossa

Question 66

is a knuckle- like rounded bony prominence on the medial border of the lower humerus above the trochlea.

Answer 66

Medial epicondyle

Question 67

is a similar bony prominence on the outer border of the lower humerus.

Answer 67

Lateral epicondyle

Question 68

Has two long bones, the Radius and Ulna which extend from the elbow to the wrist.

Answer 68

Antebrachium / forearm

Question 69

is the upper expanded disc-like end that articulate with the capitulum of the humerus.

Answer 69

Head

Question 70

is the constricted part immediately below the head.

Answer 70

Neck

Question 71

is a prominence below the neck on the antero-medial border.

Answer 71

Radial tuberosity

Question 72

become gradually larger as it approaches the wrist joint.

Answer 72

Shaft/body/diaphysis

Question 73

is a large bony prominence on the outer or lateral border and distal end of the radius.

Answer 73

Styloid process

Question 74

is a depression on the inner border of the lower radius just above its lower end. The outer border of the head of the ulna fits into this notch.

Answer 74

Ulnar notch

Question 75

is large and forms the wrist joint along with the proximal carpal bones.

Answer 75

Lower articular surface

Question 76

is the blunt rounded upper end of the ulna that lies behind the elbow joint and forms the tip of the elbow.

Answer 76

Olecranon

Question 77

forms a beak-like projection from the anterior surface of the ulna below and in front of the olecranon.

Answer 77

Coracoid process

Question 78

is a small half-moon-shaped, concave hollow on the front of the upper ulna. This accommodate the trochlea of the humerus.

Answer 78

Semi-ulnar notch / tronchlea notch

Question 79

is a small hollow or concavity on the outer or lateral border of the semi-lunar notch of the ulna.

Answer 79

Radial notch

Question 80

is somewhat rounded and becomes smaller as it approaches the wrist.

Answer 80

Shaft of the ulna

Question 81

is it’s lower, expanded end and can be felt through the skin.

Answer 81

Head of the ulna

Question 82

is a very small bony prominence extending down from the postero-medial border of the head.

Answer 82

Styloid process

Question 83

one or both upper limbs maybe absent.

Answer 83

Abrachium

Question 84

extra digits present from the normal five digits.

Answer 84

Supranumenary digits

Question 85

here is elevation and deformity of the scapula.

Answer 85

Sprengel's deformity

Question 86

there is curvature of the shaft of the radius resulting in its distal articular surface lying obliquely.

Answer 86

Mandelung's deformity