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OMM M1T3 test 1 > Thoracic Biomechanics > Flashcards

Thoracic Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three principles of Fryette model?

A
  1. One = opposite
  2. Two = together
  3. Alter motion in one place, affects motion in all planes
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2
Q

What are some biomechanic properties unique only to thoracics?

A

Dysfunctions can occur in only one plane
Usually flexed for extended
Little sidebending or rotations

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3
Q

What is a sign for thoracic somatic dysfunction?

A

Tenderness

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4
Q

Where would you be likely to feel tenderness in thoracic somatic dysfunction?

A

Lateral to the tips of the transverse processes

On the tip of the spinous process

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5
Q

Which way to do the thoracic facets face and what movement does this allow for?

A

Coronal, rotation

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6
Q

What is the limiter of rotation?

A

Ribs

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7
Q

Name the ribs types which promotes the greatest movement from greatest to least.

A

Floating ribs
False ribs
True ribs

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8
Q

What are the degrees of the flexion and extension (sagittal pane) for thoracic vertebrae?

A

T1-5: 4 degrees
T6-10: 6 degrees
T11-L1: 12 degrees

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9
Q

What are the degrees of sidebending (coronal plane) of motion for thoracics?

A

T1-10: 6 degrees

T11-12: 8-9 degrees

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10
Q

What are the degrees of rotation (horizontal plane) of motion for thoracics?

A

T1-T9: 8-9 degrees
T10: 10 degrees
T11: 12 degrees
T12: 14 degrees

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11
Q

How was thoracic motion measured?

A

Gregerson & Lucas inserted Steinman pins into the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae of six medical students, left them protruding through the skin and measured the available motion

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12
Q

What is the main effect of the ribs and sternum on the thoracic spine?

A

Stiffen the spine

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13
Q

What are the motions stiffened by the ribs?

A

Flexion – stiffened by 27%
Extension – stiffened by 132%
Sidebending – stiffened by 45%
Rotation – stiffened by 31%

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14
Q

Why is T12 more susceptible to mechanical influences or trauma?

A

Upper facet joints coronally oriented

Lower facet joints sagittally oriented

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15
Q

What are the rule of threes?

A 
T1-3:	 TP at the same level as SP	
T4-6: TP one half level above the SP
T7-9: TP one full level above the SP
T10: Like T7-9
T11: Like T4-6
T12: Like T1-3
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16
Q

What do the costal ligaments do?

A

Stiffen the thoracic spine

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17
Q

What is the superficial layer of muscle in the thoracic area?

A

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboideus major and minor

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18
Q

Trapezius: attachment

A

Spinous process of T1-T12

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19
Q

Trapezius: actions

A

Scapular retraction and depression

20
Q

Trapezius: innervation

A

Spinal accessory (C1-C6), ascends though the foramen magnum and exits via jugular foramen in petrosquam suture

21
Q

Trapezius: motion loss

A

Hypertonicity causes loss of scapular protrusion and elevation

22
Q

Trapezius: symptoms

A

Interscapular pain, shoulder pain, pectoral region pain, lateral rib cage pain

23
Q

Latissimus dorsi: attachments

A

Lower 6 thoracic spinous processes lumbar and sacral spinous processes, supraspinous ligament and iliac crest via lumbodoral fascia

24
Q

Latissimus dorsi: action

A

Humeral adduction, medial rotation, extension

25
Q

Latissimus dorsi: innervation

A

C6, C7, C8

26
Q

Latissimus dorsi: thoracic dysfunction

A

T7, T8

Results in limited humeral external rotation, flexion (reaching)

27
Q

Latissimus dorsi: symptoms

A

Infrascapular mid-thoracic backache

28
Q

Rhomboid major and minor: Attachment

A

Major-T2 to T5 and supraspinous lig

Minor - C7 & T1

29
Q

Rhomboid major and minor: Action

A

Scapular retraction, elevation

30
Q

Rhomboid major and minor: Innervation

A

C4, C5

31
Q

Rhomboid major and minor: Thoracic dysfunction

A

Scapular protrusion is limited and painful

32
Q

Rhomboid major and minor: Symptoms

A

Pain along vertebral border of the scapula extending into the supraspinous fossa of scapula
Muscle tends to ache at rest (postural pain)
Look for tense shortened pectoralis muscles

33
Q

What is the intermediate layer of muscle in the thoracic area?

A

Erector spinae

34
Q

Erector spinae: attachments: Longissimus thoracis

A

Lumbar transverse processes to all of the thoracic thransverse processes and lower 9-10 ribs just lateral to costotransverse articulation

35
Q

Erector spinae: attachments: Longissimus cervicis

A

T1-T5 transverse processes to C2-C6

36
Q

Erector spinae: attachments: Longissimus capitis

A

Transverse processes of C4 to T5, extends up to mastoid process

37
Q

Erector spinae: action: longissimus thoracic and cervicis

A

Backbend and sidebend the vertebral column

38
Q

Erector spinae: action: Longissimus capitis

A

Extends the neck and rotates the head to the same side

39
Q

Erector spinae: innervation

A

Dorsal rami of thoracic and upper lumbar and lower cervical nerve roots

40
Q

Erector spinae: Segmental dysfunction

A

Longissimus hypertonicity locally with restricted flexion and sidebending
Neck motion would be limited in contralateral rotation

41
Q

Erector spinae: symptoms: longissimus thoracis

A

Local muscle tenderness and pain, extends over approx. 4 thoracic segments
T10-T12 range can refer pain down to the lower portion of the buttock

42
Q

What is the deep layer of muscle in the thoracic area?

A

Rotatores

Levator Costae

43
Q

What is the action of the rotatores?

A

They function mostly in sidebending and extension of the thoracic segments, contrary to their name
Their attachment is too close to the base of the spinous process to effect much rotation

44
Q

What would cause a type II segmental dysfunction of the rotatores?

A

Spasm or hypertonicity

45
Q

What muscle can cause sidebending if anchored to a rib?

A

Levator costae

OMM M1T3 test 1 (7 decks)

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