Thoracic and cardiac surgery Flashcards
1
Q
Indications for thoracic surgery
A
Pulmonary
- primary lung tumour
- idiopathic pneumothorax
- pulmonary FB
- lung lobe torsion
Cardiac
- vascular ring anomaly (PRAA)
- PDA
- pericardiectomy for idiopathic pericardial effusion
- open heart surgery (mitral valve repair)
Miscellaneous
- thymectomy for thymoma
- thoracic duct ligation for idiopathic chylothoraz
- oesophagotomy for FB
- tracheal avulsion
- exploratory thoracotomy e.g. mediastinal abscess
- thoracic wall abnormalities e.g. pectus excavator
2
Q
Surgical techniques
A
- partial lobectomy
- complete lobectomy
- pericardiocentesis
- Amplatz device for PDA
- thymectomy
- thoracotomy
- pacemaker
3
Q
Pericardiocentesis equipment
A
- 16-14G large bore cannula
- three-way stopcock
- 20ml or 60ml syringe
- extension tube / giving set
4
Q
Pacemaker implantation - indications
A
- ‘symptomatic’ bradycardia in both dogs & cats
- advanced 2nd degree AV block
- advanced 3rd degree AV block
- sick sinus syndrome
- persistent atrial standstill
- vasovagal syncope
5
Q
What does 2nd degree AV block look like on an ECG?
A
- Mobitz type I: progressively lengthening of the PR interval until a QRS complex is dropped, followed by a PR interval returning to its normal length
- Mobitz type II: constant PR interval, with a dropped QRS complex without prior PR prolongation
6
Q
What does 3rd degree AV block look like on an ECG?
A
- complete absence of a relationship between the P waves and QRS complexes, indicating that the atria and ventricles are beating independently
7
Q
What does atrial standstill look like on an ECG?
A
- no p waves
- ventricular rate is now the av node rate
- almost bound to have a slow hr bc the natural rate is slow
- has p waves but none are related to the con
8
Q
Pacemaker implantation
A
- most pacemakers are implanted transvenously using endocardial leads
- rarely, the pacemaker is placed at open surgery using epicardial leads
- sits in the right ventricle
