Thoracic and Abdominal Walls, Pleura and Lungs

Question 1

origin of lumbar part of diaphragm

Answer 1

medial part: L1-L3 vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, and anterior longitudinal ligament as right and left crura
lateral part: lateral and medial arcuate ligaments

Question 2

origin of sternal part of diaphragm

Answer 2

xiphoid process (posterior surface)

Question 3

insertion of diaphragm

Answer 3

central tendon

Question 4

innervation of diaphragm

Answer 4

phrenic nerve (C3-C5, cervical plexus)

Question 5

action of diaphragm

Answer 5

principle muscle of respiration (diaphragmatic and thoracic breathing); aids in compressing abdominal viscera (abdominal press)

Question 6

origin of external oblique

Answer 6

5th to 12th ribs outer surface

Question 7

insertion of external obliques

Answer 7

linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior iliac crest

Question 8

innervation of external oblique

Answer 8

intercostal nn (T7-T12)

Question 9

action of external oblique

Answer 9

unilateral: bends trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side
bilateral: flexes trunk, compresses abdomen, stabilizes pelvis

Question 10

origin of internal oblique

Answer 10

thoracolumbar fascia (deep layer), iliac crest (intermediate line), anterior superior iliac spine (inner lip), iliopsoas fascia

Question 11

insertion of internal oblique

Answer 11

10th-12th ribs (lower borders), linea alba (anterior and posterior layers)

Question 12

innervation of internal oblique

Answer 12

intercostal nn. (T7-T12), hypogastric n, ilioinguinal n

Question 13

action of internal oblique

Answer 13

unilateral: bends trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side
bilateral: flexes trunk, compresses abdomen, stabilizes pelvis

Question 14

origin of transversus abdominis

Answer 14

7th-12th costal cartilages (inner surfaces), thoracolumbar fascia (deep layer), iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine (inner lip), iliopsoas fascia

Question 15

insertion of transversus abdominis

Answer 15

linea alba, pubis crest

Question 16

innervation of transversus abdominis

Answer 16

intercostal nn. (T7-T12), hypogastric n, ilioinguinal n

Question 17

action of transversus abdominis

Answer 17

unilateral: rotates trunk to same side
bilateral: compresses abdomen

Question 18

origin of rectus abdominis

Answer 18

lateral head: crest of pubis to pubic tubercle

medial head: anterior region of pubic symphysis

Question 19

insertion of rectus abdominis

Answer 19

cartilages of 5th to 7th ribs, xiphoid process of sternum

Question 20

innervation of rectus abdominis

Answer 20

intercostal nn (T5-T12)

Question 21

action of rectus abdominis

Answer 21

flexes trunk, compresses abdomen, stabilizes pelvis

Question 22

origin of external intercostal

Answer 22

lower margin of rib to upper margin of next lower rib (corses obliquely forward and downward from costal tubercle to chondro-osseous junction)

Question 23

insertion of external intercostal

Answer 23

lower margin of rib to upper margin of next lower rib (corses obliquely forward and downward from costal tubercle to chondro-osseous junction)

Question 24

innervation of external intercostal

Answer 24

1st to 11th intercostal nn

Question 25

action of external intercostal

Answer 25

raises ribs (inspiration); supports intercostal spaces; stabilizes chest wall

Question 26

origin of internal intercostal

Answer 26

lower margin of rib to upper margin of next lower rib (courses obliquely forward and upward from costal angle to sternum)

Question 27

insertion of internal intercostal

Answer 27

lower margin of rib to upper margin of next lower rib (courses obliquely forward and upward from costal angle to sternum)

Question 28

origin of innermost intercostal

Answer 28

lower margin of rib to upper margin of next lower rib (courses obliquely forward and upward from costal angle to sternum)

Question 29

insertion of innermost intercostal

Answer 29

lower margin of rib to upper margin of next lower rib (courses obliquely forward and upward from costal angle to sternum)

Question 30

innervation of internal intercostal

Answer 30

1st to 11th intercostal nn

Question 31

innervation of innermost intercostal

Answer 31

1st to 11th intercostal nn

Question 32

action of internal intercostal

Answer 32

lowers ribs (expiration); supports intercostal spaces, stabilizes chest wall

Question 33

action of innermost intercostal

Answer 33

lowers ribs (expiration); supports intercostal spaces, stabilizes chest wall

Question 34

origin of transversus thoracis

Answer 34

sternum and xiphoid process (inner surface)

Question 35

insertion of transversus thoracis

Answer 35

2nd to 6th ribs (costal cartilage, inner surface)

Question 36

innervation of transversus thoracis

Answer 36

2nd to 6th intercostal nn

Question 37

action of transversus thoracis

Answer 37

weakly lowers ribs (expiration)

Question 38

origin of costal part of diaphragm

Answer 38

7th to 12 ribs (inner surface; lower margin of costal arch)