THORACIC

Question 0

Which way do the inferior facets face?

What plane ?

Answer 0

Anteriorly Inferiorly medially frontal
Anterolaterally (T10/11) Sagittal
Convex

Question 1

Which way do the superior facets face?

What plane ?

Answer 1

Posteriorly superiorly laterally frontal plane
Posteriolaterally (T10/11) Sagittal plane

Concave

Question 2

Which way do the Pedicles face?

Answer 2

POSTERIORLY

Less laterally

Question 3

Thoracic height?

Answer 3

Posterior is higher than anterior

Question 4

What is on the transverse process?

Answer 4

Costotubercular facet

Question 5

Ratio of disc size to vertebral body?

Answer 5

Smallest

Greater stability less mobility

Question 6

What promotes kyphosis?

Answer 6

Wedoge shaped disc bigger posteriorly

Question 7

Zygapophysial joints?

Answer 7

20 degrees off the frontal plane

Greater range of lateral Flexion/ rotation

Question 8

Which ligaments are larger in the thoracic region?

Answer 8

Lig flav

ALL

Question 9

Why is the thoracic less flexible ?

Answer 9

Rib cage
Spinous process
Taut Zygapophysial joint capsule 
Lig flav 
Disc height ratio

Question 10

What limits Flexion in the thoracic region?

Answer 10

PLL
lig flav
Interspinous lig
Capsules of zygo joints

Question 11

What limits Extension in the thoracic region?

Answer 11

Spinous process
Laminae
Zygo facets/capsule 
ALL
abdominal muscles

Question 12

What happens to ribs when rotating left?

Answer 12

Left posterior convexity
Left anteriorly flattens

Right anterior convexity
Right posterior flattens

Question 13

Where does the line of gravity fall in thoracic spine ?

Answer 13

Anteriorly

Produces Flexion

Question 14

What attaches to the thoracolumbnar fascia ?

Answer 14

Lats
Glut max
Abs

Question 15

What does the thoracolumbnar fascia surround?

Answer 15

Erector Spinae and multifidi

Question 16

What are the deep erector Spinae muscles?

Answer 16

Longissimus thoracic

Iliococstalis lumborum

Question 17

Function of deep erector Spinae muscles ?

Answer 17

Extension
Ipsilateral Flexion
Posterior shear

Question 18

How do the deep erector muscles contract in Flexion?

Answer 18

Eccentrically

Question 19

Superficial layer: erector Spinae?

Answer 19

Primary Extensors

Laterally flex

Question 20

Flexion relaxation phenomenon?

Answer 20

Erector Spinae act eccentrically until 2/3 of Flexion then become silent
Rely on passive structures: supra/infra ligs, fasca, aponerous

Question 21

Multifidi?

Answer 21

Stabalize the spine

Question 22

Intertransversarii/ rotatores?

Answer 22

Propriooceptive role

Question 23

Costotransverse joints T1-T6?

Answer 23

Convex ribs on concave facets

Cause rotation

Question 24

Costotransverse joints T7-T10?

Answer 24

Flat

Gliding

Question 25

Costovertebral joints 1,10,11,12?

Answer 25

Most moble since ribs only Articular with one vertebra

Question 26

Costovertebral joints?

Answer 26

Rotation

Gliding

Question 27

Upper ribs axes/movement?

Answer 27

Axes of rotation= frontal plane

Movement = Sagittal plane

Question 28

Lower ribs axes/ movement?

Answer 28

Axes of rotation = Sagittal plane

Movement = frontal plane

Question 29

Axes of rotation for ribs 11-12 ?

Answer 29

Frontal plane

Costovertebral joint only

Question 30

How does the first rib move?

Answer 30

@ costotransverse joint

Superiorly/posteriorly

Question 31

How does the ribs 2-7 move?

Answer 31

Pump handle
Move superior and anterior
Increase AP

Question 32

How does the ribs 8-10 move?

Answer 32

Bucket handle

Move laterally

Question 33

Primary inspiratory muscles?

Answer 33

Diaphragm
Intercostals
Scalenes

Question 34

What happens with inspriation?

Answer 34

Diaphragm descends
Increase ab pressure
Bucket handle

Question 35

Where is the diaphragm in COPD

Answer 35

Flattened, lower
Pulls ribs in
Barrel chest

Question 36

What happens to the scalenes and SCM in COPD

Answer 36

Scalenes = overused 
SCM = shortened

Question 37

Action of scalenes?

Answer 37

Lift first 2 ribs

Quiet ventalation