THORACIC Flashcards

0
Q

Which way do the inferior facets face?

What plane ?

A

Anteriorly Inferiorly medially frontal
Anterolaterally (T10/11) Sagittal
Convex

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1
Q

Which way do the superior facets face?

What plane ?

A

Posteriorly superiorly laterally frontal plane
Posteriolaterally (T10/11) Sagittal plane

Concave

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2
Q

Which way do the Pedicles face?

A

POSTERIORLY

Less laterally

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3
Q

Thoracic height?

A

Posterior is higher than anterior

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4
Q

What is on the transverse process?

A

Costotubercular facet

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5
Q

Ratio of disc size to vertebral body?

A

Smallest

Greater stability less mobility

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6
Q

What promotes kyphosis?

A

Wedoge shaped disc bigger posteriorly

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7
Q

Zygapophysial joints?

A

20 degrees off the frontal plane

Greater range of lateral Flexion/ rotation

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8
Q

Which ligaments are larger in the thoracic region?

A

Lig flav

ALL

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9
Q

Why is the thoracic less flexible ?

A
Rib cage
Spinous process
Taut Zygapophysial joint capsule 
Lig flav 
Disc height ratio
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10
Q

What limits Flexion in the thoracic region?

A

PLL
lig flav
Interspinous lig
Capsules of zygo joints

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11
Q

What limits Extension in the thoracic region?

A
Spinous process
Laminae
Zygo facets/capsule 
ALL
abdominal muscles
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12
Q

What happens to ribs when rotating left?

A

Left posterior convexity
Left anteriorly flattens

Right anterior convexity
Right posterior flattens

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13
Q

Where does the line of gravity fall in thoracic spine ?

A

Anteriorly

Produces Flexion

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14
Q

What attaches to the thoracolumbnar fascia ?

A

Lats
Glut max
Abs

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15
Q

What does the thoracolumbnar fascia surround?

A

Erector Spinae and multifidi

16
Q

What are the deep erector Spinae muscles?

A

Longissimus thoracic

Iliococstalis lumborum

17
Q

Function of deep erector Spinae muscles ?

A

Extension
Ipsilateral Flexion
Posterior shear

18
Q

How do the deep erector muscles contract in Flexion?

A

Eccentrically

19
Q

Superficial layer: erector Spinae?

A

Primary Extensors

Laterally flex

20
Q

Flexion relaxation phenomenon?

A

Erector Spinae act eccentrically until 2/3 of Flexion then become silent
Rely on passive structures: supra/infra ligs, fasca, aponerous

21
Q

Multifidi?

A

Stabalize the spine

22
Q

Intertransversarii/ rotatores?

A

Propriooceptive role

23
Q

Costotransverse joints T1-T6?

A

Convex ribs on concave facets

Cause rotation

24
Costotransverse joints T7-T10?
Flat | Gliding
25
Costovertebral joints 1,10,11,12?
Most moble since ribs only Articular with one vertebra
26
Costovertebral joints?
Rotation | Gliding
27
Upper ribs axes/movement?
Axes of rotation= frontal plane | Movement = Sagittal plane
28
Lower ribs axes/ movement?
Axes of rotation = Sagittal plane | Movement = frontal plane
29
Axes of rotation for ribs 11-12 ?
Frontal plane | Costovertebral joint only
30
How does the first rib move?
@ costotransverse joint | Superiorly/posteriorly
31
How does the ribs 2-7 move?
Pump handle Move superior and anterior Increase AP
32
How does the ribs 8-10 move?
Bucket handle | Move laterally
33
Primary inspiratory muscles?
Diaphragm Intercostals Scalenes
34
What happens with inspriation?
Diaphragm descends Increase ab pressure Bucket handle
35
Where is the diaphragm in COPD
Flattened, lower Pulls ribs in Barrel chest
36
What happens to the scalenes and SCM in COPD
``` Scalenes = overused SCM = shortened ```
37
Action of scalenes?
Lift first 2 ribs | Quiet ventalation