THORACIC Flashcards
Which way do the inferior facets face?
What plane ?
Anteriorly Inferiorly medially frontal
Anterolaterally (T10/11) Sagittal
Convex
Which way do the superior facets face?
What plane ?
Posteriorly superiorly laterally frontal plane
Posteriolaterally (T10/11) Sagittal plane
Concave
Which way do the Pedicles face?
POSTERIORLY
Less laterally
Thoracic height?
Posterior is higher than anterior
What is on the transverse process?
Costotubercular facet
Ratio of disc size to vertebral body?
Smallest
Greater stability less mobility
What promotes kyphosis?
Wedoge shaped disc bigger posteriorly
Zygapophysial joints?
20 degrees off the frontal plane
Greater range of lateral Flexion/ rotation
Which ligaments are larger in the thoracic region?
Lig flav
ALL
Why is the thoracic less flexible ?
Rib cage Spinous process Taut Zygapophysial joint capsule Lig flav Disc height ratio
What limits Flexion in the thoracic region?
PLL
lig flav
Interspinous lig
Capsules of zygo joints
What limits Extension in the thoracic region?
Spinous process Laminae Zygo facets/capsule ALL abdominal muscles
What happens to ribs when rotating left?
Left posterior convexity
Left anteriorly flattens
Right anterior convexity
Right posterior flattens
Where does the line of gravity fall in thoracic spine ?
Anteriorly
Produces Flexion
What attaches to the thoracolumbnar fascia ?
Lats
Glut max
Abs
What does the thoracolumbnar fascia surround?
Erector Spinae and multifidi
What are the deep erector Spinae muscles?
Longissimus thoracic
Iliococstalis lumborum
Function of deep erector Spinae muscles ?
Extension
Ipsilateral Flexion
Posterior shear
How do the deep erector muscles contract in Flexion?
Eccentrically
Superficial layer: erector Spinae?
Primary Extensors
Laterally flex
Flexion relaxation phenomenon?
Erector Spinae act eccentrically until 2/3 of Flexion then become silent
Rely on passive structures: supra/infra ligs, fasca, aponerous
Multifidi?
Stabalize the spine
Intertransversarii/ rotatores?
Propriooceptive role
Costotransverse joints T1-T6?
Convex ribs on concave facets
Cause rotation
Costotransverse joints T7-T10?
Flat
Gliding
Costovertebral joints 1,10,11,12?
Most moble since ribs only Articular with one vertebra
Costovertebral joints?
Rotation
Gliding
Upper ribs axes/movement?
Axes of rotation= frontal plane
Movement = Sagittal plane
Lower ribs axes/ movement?
Axes of rotation = Sagittal plane
Movement = frontal plane
Axes of rotation for ribs 11-12 ?
Frontal plane
Costovertebral joint only
How does the first rib move?
@ costotransverse joint
Superiorly/posteriorly
How does the ribs 2-7 move?
Pump handle
Move superior and anterior
Increase AP
How does the ribs 8-10 move?
Bucket handle
Move laterally
Primary inspiratory muscles?
Diaphragm
Intercostals
Scalenes
What happens with inspriation?
Diaphragm descends
Increase ab pressure
Bucket handle
Where is the diaphragm in COPD
Flattened, lower
Pulls ribs in
Barrel chest
What happens to the scalenes and SCM in COPD
Scalenes = overused SCM = shortened
Action of scalenes?
Lift first 2 ribs
Quiet ventalation
