Thomas Jefferson/The War of 1812 Flashcards
The Election of 1800
Main candidates were Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) and John Adams (federalist). Jefferson advocated for more agrarian & decentralized gov., while Adams favored a stronger central gov.
Campaign of 1800 (election)
Jefferson’s supporters accused Adams of militarism and attacks on civil liberties, while Adams’ side painted Jefferson as radical and unfit
Outcome of 1800 (election)
Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied with 73 electoral votes. The House of Representatives had to break the tie, finally choosing Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice President
Significance of 1800 (election)
Proved power could transfer peacefully between rival political parties. Led to the 12th Amendment (1804), which changed the electoral process to avoid ties
Political Realignment of 1800 (election)
Marked the decline of the Federalist Party and the rise of the Democratic-Republicans, shaping future U.S. politics
“Revolution of 1800”
This election transformed American politics by solidifying democracy and party competition
John Marshall
A Federalist appointed by John Adams, Chief Justice of the Court. Disagreed about many political issues w/ Jefferson
Marbury V. Madison
Written by Marshall. A case that helped establish the Supreme Court’s power to check the power of the other branches of government
Judicial Review
The power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional
Louisiana Purchase (October 20, 1803)
An agreement approved by Senate which roughly doubled the size of the U.S.
Lewis & Clark Expedition (May 1804)
Began its long journey to explore the Louisiana Purchase (Western U.S.)
Sacagawea
Young Native American woman who helped Lewis & Clark Expedition. Only 16 when she joined, played a vital role in success
Embargo Act (1807)
A law passed by Congress, which essentially banned trade with all foreign countries
Tecumseh
Shawnee leader who fought to defend Native American lands against European settlers. He believed that all Native Americans should unite to resist the settler’s encroachment
War Hawks
Several young members of Congress took the lead in calling for war against Britain
The War of 1812 (1812-1815)
- Britain was seizing American ships & impressing (forcing) American sailors into the British navy
- The British were arming Native Americans to fight against U.S. settlers in the Northwest Territory.
- War Hawks (like Henry Clay) pushed for war to defend U.S. honor and expand territory.
Battle of the Thames (1813)
U.S. troops defeated the British and Native forces.
Tecumseh, the Shawnee leader who united Native tribes, was killed, ending Native resistance in the region.
Burning of Washington D.C. (1814)
The British invaded and burned down the White House and Capitol Building.
Dolly Madison, the First Lady, saved a portrait of George Washington before fleeing.
Battle of Fort McHenry (1814)
British bombed Fort McHenry in Baltimore all night, but the fort never fell.
Inspired Francis Scott Key to write The Star-Spangled Banner (our national anthem).
Battle of New Orleans (1815)
General Andrew Jackson led the U.S. to a huge victory against the British.
Fun fact: This battle happened AFTER the war ended because news of the peace treaty traveled slowly.
Treaty of Ghent (1814)
Ended the war in a tie—no land was lost or gained.
Stopped British impressment and trade interference.
Effects of the War of 1812
- Increased U.S. patriotism (“Era of Good Feelings” followed)
- Weakened Native American resistance
- Boosted U.S. manufacturing since trade was disrupted
- Made Andrew Jackson a national hero (which later helped him become President)
Free Enterprise
Economic system in which businesses are owned by private citizens who decide what produce, and what prices to charge
Aaron Burr
American politician and lawyer; served as the 3rd Vice President under Thomas Jefferson; known for his infamous duel with Alexander Hamilton in 1804
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Leader of the Haitian Revolution; former enslaved man who became a prominent general and statesman; played a key role in ending slavery and establishing Haiti as the first independent black-led republic
Float-Boat
A cargo boat with a flat bottom for use in shallow water
* Goods from the Ohio River Valley could be shipped along the Mississippi River to and from the port of New Orleans.
Pres. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)
3rd President of the United States; principal author of the Declaration of Independence; championed individual liberty and responsible government
Pres. James Madison (1809-1817)
4th President of the United States; known as the “Father of the Constitution” for his pivotal role in its drafting and for the Bill of Rights; key advocate for a strong central government
