Thomas Cromwell - The English Reformation Flashcards
What changes had already occured to religion before Henry?
Henry VIII did not invent protestantism, there were already changes happening to religion before Henry began them.
German states within the HRE were more protestant than Catholic.
Lots of Pious people in England. Most monastaries were places of charity.
Define the term ‘The Reformation’.
It is the word used to descrive the reformation of the churches in England from Catholic to Protestant from 1529 - 1580
Define the term ‘The Break with Rome’.
The King replaced the Pope as head of the church, breaking from the roman catholics.
What was the religious divide between the North and the South of England?
The North of England was generally more Catholic than the south as the south was often frequented by European Migrants (trade, immigration).
What was support like for Parish churches and chapels during the reformation?
Support for parish churches generally remained high.
Large numbers of churches and chapels were built between 1490 and 1529 with significant donations provided by the public.
What percentage of people in Devon and Cornwall left donations for religious guilds in their wills betwen 1520 and 1529?
57%
Why did Henry want to break with Rome?
- Describe the Role of :* Anne Boleyn*
- Henry was in love with Anne Boleyn, she and her family were powerful in domestic and foreign affairs.
- Anne Boleyn was in contact with Hugh and William Latimer, Matthew Parker, and Thomas Cramnew - Reformers who believed in Henry rejecting the Pope.
- Anne gave Henry Wiliam Tyndeale’s ‘Obediance of the Christian Man’ which stated that subjects of the king should only hold allegience to him and not foreign powers.
- Anne was an intelligent woman with a genuine interest in religious reform.
Why did Henry want to break with Rome?
- Describe the role of : Henry’s desire for a male heir.
- Henry needed to stabalise the power that his father had gained by the usurpation.
- Henry had stopped sleeping with catherine of Aragon in 1524 - she had had several miscarriges and 2 stillborns and was now in her late 30s.
Why did Henry want to break with Rome?
- Describe the role of : Henry’s need to increase his revenues
- Taxes from the church were sent to Rome and therefore by seperating Henry would reap the rewards economically. However, this policy was suspended for a year which suggests to some historians that Henry was trying to use this as a bargaining chip to gain the annulment.
- Monastaic land could be bought or sold off the nobles to gain loyalty.
Why did Henry want to break with Rome?
- Describe the role of : Henry’s own conscience.
- Henry believed that the Bible said he shouln’t have married Catherine - Leviticus 20:21 “If a man shall take his brother’s wife it is an unclean thing… they will be without children.”
- Henry genuinely believed himself to be living in sin and thought that if he remarried he would be released from sin.
Why did Henry want to break with Rome?
- Describe the role of : Henry’s desire for power
Anne Boleyn and her family were very powerful.
Henry often put pressure on the Pope to decide who should control the English Church (Persuit of Power).
Why did Henry want to break with Rome?
- Describe the role of : State of the church + reformist ideas
- Renaissance ideas had begun to flourish in the elitist groups of English Society.
- The Bible was written in Latin and many people could not read it, there was a surge of discontent when it came to people wanting control over their religious practices.
- The roles of Thomas More, Erasmus, and William Tynedale all show that people wanted to change the church.
- Many people were discontended with the gluttonous monks and dishonest priests and were wanting a change.
What and when was the first Act of Restraint of Annates?
1532
Withholding the first year’s income from the office of Bishop which would normally go to the Pope.
What and When were the Supplication against the Ordinances?
1532, May 15 The English Church gave up the power to make church law without the King’s consent, in a document called the submission of the clergy.
What and when were the Act of Restrait of Appeals?
1533
Meant that people could not appeal to the Peope to overturn Henry’s rulings on the church. More importantly it meant that the divorce could go forward and he could marry Anne Boleyn.
