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Veterinary and Food Chemistry > "This will be in the exam" [Incomplete] > Flashcards

"This will be in the exam" [Incomplete] Flashcards

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1
Q

Give a reaction producing a nucleoside

A

Nucleotide + NaOH → Nucleoside

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2
Q
A

L-Fructose

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3
Q

Give the structure of Caffiene

A

Note the Purine Ring

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4
Q

What occurs when alcohol is placed in water?

A

The alcohol dissociates, giving H+ ions

Forms a weak acid

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5
Q

Give the general formula of the alkynes

A

CnH2n-2

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6
Q

Agar is…

A

A Gelling Agent

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7
Q

Aniline is a…

A

Weak Base

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8
Q
A

Pyridine

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9
Q
A

Aniline

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10
Q
  1. What is shown?
  2. What is in the Red box?
A
  1. Gellan Gum
  2. Glyceric acid ester
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11
Q

Phytol is found on…

A

Chlorophyll a

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12
Q
A

Benzpyrene

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13
Q

Sodium Alginate is…

A

A Gelling Agent

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14
Q
A

Benzyl alcohol

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15
Q

4-Hydroxynonenal / 4-HNE is…

A

A Contaminant

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16
Q

Sulphites are…

A

Preservatives

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17
Q

Terpenes are derived from…

A

Isoprene

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18
Q
A

Benzophenone

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19
Q

What are the three conditions for aromaticity?

A

Molecule should be Planar

Number of delocalised electrons = 4n + 2 (Huckel Rule)

Each carbon has an unhybridised P2 atomic orbital

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20
Q

Carrageenans are…

A

Gelling Agents

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21
Q

Gum Arabic is…

A

A Gelling Agent

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22
Q

Give the general formula of the alkenes

A

CnH2n

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23
Q

Which Azo dye is toxic?

A

Orange GNN

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24
Q

Give the N-nitroso compound reaction

A

Secondary Amine + HNO2

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25
Q

The D and L descriptors of enantomers do not specify…

A

…the sign (+ or -) of the optical rotation

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26
Q

Trichothecenes are…

A

Mycotoxins

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27
Q

Give the Structure of an antioxidant

A

Ethoxyquin

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28
Q

Perchlorate / ClO4- is…

A

A Contaminant

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29
Q

ROS stands for…

A

Reactive Oxygen Species

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30
Q
A

Isopropylamine

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31
Q

What are antioxidants used for?

A

Preserving food by reducing the reaction with oxygen or light

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32
Q

What process is shown?

A

Saponification

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33
Q

What is saponification?

A

Hydrolysis of Esters or Fats

Soap-making

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34
Q

Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins are…

A

Contaminants

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35
Q
A

T-butyl alcohol

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36
Q

Sorbic Acid / 2,4-hexadienoic acid is…

A

A Preservative

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37
Q

Anthocyanins are…

A

Colours

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38
Q

Give the Structure of Purine

A
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39
Q
A

Acetone

(Oxo form)

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40
Q
A

Vitamin B6

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41
Q

CH4

A

Methane

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42
Q

What is multipoint attachment (MPA)

A

Total of 8 interaction sites between a sweetner and the sweetness receptor

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43
Q

Disodium Inosinate / IMP is…

A

A Flavour Enhancer

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44
Q
A

Alloxanthin

Note the triple bonds

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45
Q

Give a reaction showing the Reduction of Amides with LiAIH4

A
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46
Q
A

Nicotinamide

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47
Q
A

Lutein

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48
Q

Sulphur Dioxide is…

A

A Preservative and Antioxidant

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49
Q
A

Propanal

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50
Q
A

Phenylhydrazine

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51
Q

Name the functional group

A

Alkane

alkyl- / -ane

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52
Q
A

Trans Decaline

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53
Q

Propyl Gallate is…

A

An Antioxidant

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54
Q

Give the general formula of the cycloalkanes

A

CnH2n

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55
Q

L-Glutamic Acid is…

A

A flavour enhancer

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56
Q
A

Hexamethylenediamine

[Nylon]

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57
Q

C2H6

A

Ethane

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58
Q

Give a practical use of Ethylene Glycol

A

Gas Sterilisation

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59
Q

Ascorbic Acid is…

A

An Antioxidant

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60
Q

5 carbon chain prefix

A

Pent-

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61
Q

Where is (+)benzo[a]pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, 10-epoxide found?

What does it do?

A

In tobacco smoke

Disrupts the double helix structure of DNA making it carcinogenic

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62
Q

Name the functional group

A

Alcohol

hydroxy- / -ol

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63
Q

Give the Reaction for Preperation of an aldehyde from a primary alcohol

A
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64
Q

Photooxidation and many ageing processes are due to the presence of…

A

Singlet Oxygen 1O2

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65
Q

Give the general formula of the alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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66
Q

Glycerol and Fatty acids are linked by…

A

An Ester bond

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67
Q

Aspartame / APM is…

A

A Sweetner

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68
Q

Parabens are…

A

Preservatives

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69
Q

Give a general reaction showing the catalytic reduction of nitriles

A
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70
Q

1 carbon chain prefix

A

Meth-

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71
Q

Carbamate Insecticides / Carbaryl is a kind of…

A

Organophosphate Pesticide

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72
Q

Carminic Acid and Carmine are…

A

Colours

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73
Q

Ethyl Carbamate / EC is…

A

A Contaminant

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74
Q

C8H18

A

Octane

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75
Q
A

L - Glucose

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76
Q
A

Lycopene

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77
Q

Cadmium / Cd(II) is…

A

A Contaminant

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78
Q

C5H12

A

Pentane

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79
Q

C12H26

A

Dodecane

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80
Q

Disodium Guanylate / GMP is…

A

A Flavour Enhancer

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81
Q

Synthetic Polyphenols are…

A

Antioxidants

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82
Q

Bisphenol A / BPA is…

A

A Contaminant

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83
Q

Name the functional group

A

Aldehyde

formyl- / -al

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84
Q
A

Thiophene

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85
Q

C9H20

A

Nonane

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86
Q

Chlorophyllins are…

A

Colours

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87
Q

ROO• + ArO-H →

[Ar = Aromatic Ring]

A

ROO-H + ArO•

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88
Q

Xanthan Gum is…

A

A Gelling Agent

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89
Q
A

D-Fructose

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90
Q

Where do nucleobases and carbohydrates bond on a molecule?

A

Red Box indicates binding area

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91
Q

Butylated hydroxyanisole / BHA is…

A

An Antioxidant

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92
Q

Xanthophylls are…

A

Colours

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93
Q

Chelating Agents are…

A

Preservatives

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94
Q

Give the Structure of Imidazole

A
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95
Q

Give the structure of Acetaldehyde

A
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96
Q

A protein that allows sour foods to taste sweet, it also tastes sweet itself

A

Curculin

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97
Q

What is defined as a reducing sugar?

A

Any sugar that can act as a reducing agent due to a free Aldehyde or Ketone group

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98
Q

Propionic Acid is…

A

A Preservative

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99
Q

Gelatin is…

A

A Gelling Agent

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100
Q

What is the mass-fraction unit for parts per million?

A

mg/kg

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101
Q

Name the functional group

A

Tertiary Amine

amino- / -amine

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102
Q

Erythorbic Acid is…

A

An Antioxidant

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103
Q

Sodium Cyclamate is…

A

A Sweetner

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104
Q
A

Phenanthrene

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105
Q
A

Ethylamine

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106
Q

Sucralose is…

A

A Sweetner

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107
Q

Name the functional group

A

Amide

carboxamido- / -amide

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108
Q

Gellan Gum is…

A

A Gelling Agent

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109
Q
A

Anthracene

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110
Q

Ninhydrin-test

A

Used to detect proteins

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111
Q

What is the mass-fraction unit for parts per billion?

A

µg/kg

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112
Q
A

Chatechol

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113
Q
A

Superaspartame

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114
Q

Lecithin is…

A

A Gelling Agent

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115
Q
A

Vitamin D3

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116
Q

Give the Functional group fo Azo Dyes

A
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117
Q
A

Furan

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118
Q
A

Isoprene

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119
Q

Formula to calculate Specific Rotation

A
  • α = Rotation*
  • γ = Mass Conc.*
  • l = Length of polarimeter tube*
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120
Q

Name the functional group

A

Benzene Derivitive

phenyl- / -benzene

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121
Q

L and D relative configuration refers to…

A

The optical activity of the isomer

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122
Q

Dimethyl dicarbonate / DMDC is…

A

A Preservative

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123
Q

Casein is…

A

A Gelling Agent

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124
Q
A

Indole Ring

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125
Q
A

Cis Decaline

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126
Q

Xylitol is…

A

A Sweetner

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127
Q

What is the characteristic reaction of the aromatics?

A

Electrophilic Substitution

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128
Q

Nucleic Acid is made from…

A

Nucleotides

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129
Q

Antioxidants are usually…

A

Reducing agents

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130
Q
A

Cholic Acid

131
Q

Galacturonic acid can be converted with ammonia to produce…

A

Carboxylic acid amide

132
Q
A

Toluene

133
Q

Monosodium Glutamate / MSG is…

A

A Flavour Enhancer

134
Q

Tefluthrin is a…

A

Pyrethroid

135
Q

Give the Structure of Gonane

A
136
Q

C30H62

A

Triacontane

137
Q
A

Menthol

138
Q

Name the functional group

A

Ether

139
Q
A

n-Butylamine

140
Q

Agar is derived from…

A

Agarose

141
Q

Components of a Nucleotide

A

Phosphae

Sugar

Amine Base

142
Q

Starch is…

A

A Gelling Agent

143
Q
A

Acetone

(Enol form)

144
Q

Benzoic Acid is…

A

A Preservative

145
Q

Arsenic / As(III)/(V) is…

A

A Contaminant

Monosodium methyl arsenate

146
Q

Give the structure of Glycerol

A
147
Q

Give the reactants of the Tollens reaction

A

RCHO(aq) + 2Ag(NH3)2+ + 3OH-(aq)

RCHO = an aldehyde

148
Q

Ziram is…

A

A Fungicide

149
Q
A

Cadaverine

150
Q

Mevalonic Acid →

[-CO2, -H2O]

A

Isoprene

151
Q

Name the functional group

A

Ester

alkanoyloxy- / -alkyl alkanoate

152
Q
A

Progesterone

153
Q

All monosaccharides are…

A

Reducing Sugars

154
Q
A

Naphthalene

155
Q

Ethylenediametatraacetic Acid / EDTA is…

A

A Stabilising Agent

156
Q
A

D-Glucose

157
Q

Give the structure of (+)benzo[a]pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, 10-epoxide

A
158
Q

Give the Structure of Formaldehyde

A
159
Q
A

Vitamin E

160
Q
A

Lactones

Contain an ester group as part of a ring

161
Q
A

Beta-Carotene

162
Q

Give the structure of Urea

A
163
Q

What kinds of disaccharides are there?

A

Reducing and Non-reducing

164
Q

Give the Hemiacetal structure of Dehydroascorbic Acid

A
165
Q
A

Benzyl Chloride

166
Q
  1. What is shown?
  2. What is in the Red box?
A
  1. Xanthan Gum
  2. Pyruvic Acid Ketal
167
Q

C6H14

A

Hexane

168
Q

What is the mass-fraction unit for parts per hundred?

A

cg/g

169
Q

Carmine contains a central…cation

A

Aluminium

170
Q

C4H10

A

Butane

171
Q

R• + ArO-H →

[Ar = Aromatic Ring]

A

R-H + ArO•

172
Q

Perfluorooctanoic Acid is…

A

A Contaminant

173
Q

What is shown?

A

Keto-enol Tautomerism

174
Q

Give the Skeleton of Steroids

A

6, 6, 6, 5

175
Q

Flavonoids are…

A

Colours

176
Q

The notable product of the tollens-reaction is…

A

Free Silver

2Ag(s)

177
Q

Vinclozolin is…

A

A Fungicide

178
Q

9 carbon chain prefix

A

Non-

179
Q

The chemical name for Serotonin

A

5-hydroxytryptamine

180
Q

Chlorophylls are…

A

Colours

181
Q

Racemic Mixture is…

A

Optically inactive due to the intermolecular compensation

182
Q

Steviol Glycosides…

A

A Sweetner

183
Q
A

Diphenylamine

184
Q
A

L-rhamnose

185
Q

Speed of Light (C) =

A

λ • ν

186
Q

Guar Gum is…

A

A Gelling Agent

187
Q

What is shown in the red boxes?

A

Carboxyl groups of galacturonic acid are esterified with methanol

188
Q

Which are more stable - cis or trans isomers?

A

Trans

189
Q
A

Acetophenone

190
Q

Alginic acid/Algin/Alginate is…

A

A Gelling Agent

191
Q

What is an enantomer?

A

Stereoisomers that are non-superimposable (non-identical) mirror images of each other

192
Q

Riboflavin is…

A

A Colour

193
Q

Betanin is…

A

A Colour

194
Q

Sorbitol is…

A

A Sweetner

195
Q

Energy of a Wave (E) =

A

h • ν = h • c / λ

196
Q

Butylated hydroxotoluene / BHT is…

A

An Antioxidant

197
Q

A glycoprotein that allows sour foods to taste sweet

A

Miraculin

198
Q

Quinine is…

A

A Flavour Enhancer

199
Q
A

T-butyl Chloride

200
Q

Give the structure of a food colour

A

Flavone

201
Q

Give two examples of Alkaloids

A

A: Pyridine

B: Piperidine

202
Q

Name the functional group

A

Alkyne

alkynyl- / -yne

203
Q

3 carbon chain prefix

A

Prop-

204
Q

Give the Hofmann reaction

A
205
Q
A

Agarose Molecule

206
Q

Give 3 mycotoxins of current concern

A

Aflatoxins

Ochratoxin A

Fusarium

207
Q

Tetraterpenes are…

A

Colours

208
Q

Caramel is…

A

A colour

209
Q

Give a Type A and a Type B Trichothecenes

A

Type A: T-2 toxin

Type B: deoxynivalenol

210
Q
A

Vitamin A

211
Q

What is the mass-fraction unit for parts per trillion?

A

ng/kg

212
Q

Give the structure of Isoprene

A
213
Q

DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is…

A

A Contaminant

Pesticide

214
Q

10 carbon chain prefix

A

Dec-

215
Q
A

Phenoxy

Also writen as ArO•

relatively less reactive than other antioxidants

216
Q

6 carbon chain prefix

A

Hex-

217
Q

Carotenoids are…

A

Colours

218
Q
A

Anisole

219
Q
A

Lugduname

220
Q

What process is shown in the reaction?

A

Photooxidation of Lipids

221
Q
A

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

222
Q

Cellulose is…

A

A Gelling Agent

223
Q

2-phenylphenol / OPP is…

A

A Preservative

224
Q

Anoxomer is…

A

A polymeric Antioxidant

225
Q
A

Cis Decaline

226
Q
A

Ethylene glycol

227
Q

Octyl Gallate is…

A

An Antioxidant

228
Q

Pectins are rich in…

A

D-galacturonic acid

229
Q
A

Acetyle Chloride

230
Q

Give a reaction of Nucleotide Formation

A
231
Q

Antimicrobial Agents are used in food against…

A

Bacteria, Yeasts and Moulds

232
Q

C7H16

A

Heptane

233
Q
A

Bile Acid

234
Q

C3H8

A

Propane

235
Q

The product of an Acid Catalysed reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol is…

A

An ester

236
Q

Amarogentin is…

A

A Flavour Enhancer

237
Q

Give the Acyl Functional Group

A
238
Q
A

Benzaldehyde

239
Q

7 carbon chain prefix

A

Hept-

240
Q

Nitrites and Nitrates are…

e.g Sodium Nitrite

A

Preservatives

241
Q

Name the functional group

A

Primary Amine

amino- / -amine

242
Q

Name the functional group

A

Ketone

-oyl- / oxo- / -one

243
Q

Name the functional group

A

Secondary Amine

amino- / -amine

244
Q

Thiomersal is…

A

A Contaminant

thought to cause autism

245
Q

Ethoxyquin is…

A

An Antioxidant

246
Q

Saccharin is…

A

A Sweetner

247
Q

Give the structure of a Flavour Enhancer

A

Xylitol

248
Q

2 carbon chain prefix

A

Eth-

249
Q

Give the Structure of Cholesterol

A
250
Q

Thiabendazole is…

A

A Preservative

251
Q
A

Salicylaldehyde

252
Q

What is an Epimer?

A

Diastereomets that differ in the configuration of one stereogenic center

253
Q

C11H24

A

Undecane

254
Q

Mixtures containing the enantomers with ratio of 1:1 are called…

A

Racemic Mixture

255
Q
A

Resorcinol

256
Q

Acesulfame Potassium / Acesulfame K is…

A

A Sweetner

257
Q

4 carbon chain prefix

A

But-

258
Q

Tocopherols are…

A

Antioxidants

259
Q

Monellin is…

A

A Sweetner

260
Q

Name the functional group

A

Cyanate

cyanato- / -alkyl cyanate

261
Q

Name the functional group

A

Alkene

alkenyl- / -ene

262
Q

Ascorbyl Sterate is…

A

An Antioxidant

263
Q

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone / NHDC

A

A Sweetner

264
Q

The S and R designators are used to indicate…

A

Absolute configuration

265
Q

Borax is…

A

A Preservative

266
Q

Thaumatin is…

A

A Sweetner

267
Q
A

Pyrene

268
Q

Give the reaction for the combustion of propane

A

C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

269
Q

Indicated in the red box is a…

A

Secondary Alcohol

sec-alcohol

270
Q

Name the functional group

A

Carboxylic Acid

carboxy- / -oic acid

271
Q
A

Hydroquinone

272
Q

Write the reaction of T-butyl Chloride and NaOH

What kind of reaction is this?

A

Nucleophilic Substitution

273
Q

Which receptors are Umami tasted with?

A

Glutamate Receptors

274
Q

What is shown in the red box

A

A c-glycoside glycosidic bond

Carminic Acid Molecule

275
Q

Indicated in the red box is a…

A

Tertiary Alcohol

ter-alcohol

276
Q
A

Penicillnes (general formula)

277
Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Sulfonic Acid

278
Q

Curcumin is…

A

A Colour

279
Q
A

Testosterone

Note double oxygen bond - Ketone

280
Q

Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids are…

A

Contaminants

Pesticides

281
Q

Animals fats and vegetable fats are…

A

Triacylglyceros

Triglycerides

282
Q

Ethyl Gallate is…

A

An Antioxidant

283
Q

Fumonisin B1 is…

A

A Contaminant

Formed by Maize Moulds

284
Q

Lead is…

A

A Contaminant

285
Q

What is characteristic of alkenes?

A

Double bonding

286
Q

C20H42

A

Icosane

287
Q

Give the Structure of Glucose

A
288
Q

Formula to calculate the Difference/Distance between two colours

A

ΔE = E2 - E1 = hc/λ

  • λ = Wavelength*
  • h = Planck’s*
  • c = Speed of Light*
289
Q

The R and S descriptors do not specify…

A

…the sign (+ or -) of the optical rotation

290
Q

Xanthophylls are…

A

Colours

291
Q

Name the general formula

A

Secondary Alcohol

292
Q

8 carbon chain prefix

A

Oct-

293
Q
A

Putrescine

294
Q

Pectins are…

A

Gelling Agents

295
Q

Biphenyl is…

A

A Preservative

296
Q
A

Vitamin C / Ascorbic Acid

297
Q

C10H22

A

Decane

298
Q

Erythritol is…

A

A Sweetner

299
Q
A

Chlorophyllin

Note the Copper Cation

300
Q

Fish and shellfish accumulate…in their bodies

A

Mercury

methylmercury cation

301
Q

Give the Structure of a preservative

A

Biphenyl

302
Q

Locust bean gum is…

A

A Gelling Agent

303
Q

Methamidophos is…

A

A Contaminant

Pesticide

304
Q

Give the Structure of Paracetamol

A
305
Q

tert-Butylhydroquinone / TBHQ is…

A

An Antioxidant

306
Q

Give the Structure of a Gelling Agent

A

Dextrin

307
Q

What causes the tetrahederal structure?

A

Sp3 Hybridisation

308
Q

Give the “Oxidation Line”

A
309
Q

Give four Oxidising agents

A

KMnO4 - Potassium Permanganate (Strong)

K2CrO4 - Potassium Cromate

K2Cr2O7 - Potassium Dichromate

H2O2 - Hydrogen Peroxide (Strong)

310
Q

H2SO4 in a reaction usually means…

A

Water Elimination

311
Q

Give the structure of a Nucleotide

A
312
Q

Give the Iodoformprobe reaction

A
313
Q

Give the reaction for ester formation

A
314
Q

Give the Structure of D-Fructose

A
315
Q

Give the structure of L-Fructose

A
316
Q

Give the Structure of D-Glucose

A
317
Q

Give an example of Radical Substitution

A
318
Q

What is an example of Nucleophilic Substitution?

A

T-butyl Chloride + NaOH

319
Q

Give an example of an elimination reaction

A
320
Q

Give an example of Electrophilic Substitution

A
321
Q

Give an example of a Redox reaction

A
322
Q

Give an example of Nucleophilic Addition

A
323
Q

Give an example of Electrophilic Addition

A

Veterinary and Food Chemistry (1 decks)

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