This shit

Question 1

what is toxicology?

Answer 1

The study of the adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms

Question 2

what is a toxin?

Answer 2

• A toxic substance produced by living organisms

Question 3

what is a toxicant?

Answer 3

• a toxic substance created or released into the environment by human activities

Question 4

What is a poison?

Answer 4

a toxic substance that, when introduced into or absorbed by a living organism, causes death or injury

Question 5

What is a toxic agent?

Answer 5

anything that can produce an adverse biological effect.

Question 6

What are xenobiotics?

Answer 6

General term that is used for a foreign substance taken into the body.

Question 7

what are the four origins of xenobiotics?

Answer 7

Natural
Industrialisation
Recreational
therapeutic

Question 8

What were perflurooctane and perfluroroctanoic acid used for from the 1970s-2000s?

Answer 8

Firefighting foams

Question 9

Glucosinolates make what vegetable toxic for the liver, kidney and thyroid gland?

Answer 9

Swedes

Question 10

what toxin inhibits acetylcholinesterase and thus removes acetylcholine from neuromuscular junctions?

Answer 10

SARIN

Question 11

What toxin sits on the ground so eventually suffocates people?

Answer 11

Chlorine gas

Question 12

What toxin sits on the ground so eventually suffocates people?

Answer 12

Chlorine gas

Question 13

what toxin causes chronic lung disease by fibers lodging in the alveoli?

Answer 13

Asbestos

Question 14

what makes death cap mushrooms so toxic?

Answer 14

a-amanitin - which inhibits RNA polymerase II which is part of the DNA transcription process

Question 15

what type of radiation is relatively low energy and only travels small distances?

Answer 15

Alpha radiation

Question 16

what is an example of alpha radiation?

Answer 16

Polonium-210 - Alexander Litvinenko

Question 17

what type of cancer was soot wart related to?

Answer 17

Scrotal cancer - impacted growth and development of testes

Question 18

in what animals poison is batrachotoxin found?

Answer 18

Poision arrow frogs - irreversibly opens sodium channels of nerve cells

Question 19

what kund of gas when inhaled can cause narcosis, asphyxia and frostbite in the back of the throat?

Answer 19

Butane gas

Question 20

steroidal glycoalkaloids are found in what type of vegeatbles?

Answer 20

Potatoes, tomatoes –> anything from solanaceae family

Question 21

what does CERA stand for?

Answer 21

Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator

Question 22

What is the therapeutic index of a drug?

Answer 22

A statement of the relative safety of a drug i.e. the ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose

Question 23

what is the margin of safety of a drug?

Answer 23

The difference between the usual effective dose and the dose that causes severe or life-threatening side effects

a wide margin is desriable

Question 24

what is the margin of safety of a drug?

Answer 24

The difference between the usual effective dose and the dose that causes severe or life-threatening side effects

a wide margin is desirable

Question 25

what is hormesis?

Answer 25

phenomenon in which a harmful substance gives stimulating and beneficial effects to living organisms when the quantity of the harmful substance is small.

Question 26

what is medsafe's responsibility?

Answer 26

Responsible for regulation of therapeutic products

Question 27

what is the role of the NZ national poisons centre?

Answer 27

provide advice to members of the public and health care professionals about acute poisoning situations.

Question 28

What is TOXINZ

Answer 28

database containing information regarding toxic compounds and the management of poisoned patients.

Question 29

what is the role of the NZ pharmacovigilance center

Answer 29

monitoring programs that contribute to and support the safety of medicines and related products

Question 30

what is the role of the EPA?

Answer 30

administers applications for major infrastructure projects of national significance, and regulates new organisms (plants, animals, GM organisms) and hazardous substances and chemicals

Question 31

the effects and the way a substance moves around the body is called what?

Answer 31

Toxicokinetics

Question 32

what are the phases of toxicokinetics?

Answer 32

Absorption distribution biotransformation excretion

Question 33

what are the primary routes of exposure for toxins?

Answer 33

GI tract Resp tract Skin

Question 34

movement of a substance from its site of entry to other parts of the body is called what?

Answer 34

Distribution

Question 35

Metabolic transformation of the substance, producing metabolites is called what?

Answer 35

Biotransfromation

Question 36

When biotransformation results in metabolites of lower toxicity, it is known as what?

Answer 36

detoxification

Question 37

When biotransformation results in metabolites that are more toxic than the parent substance, it is known as what?

Answer 37

Bioactivation

Question 38

what disease is a good example of bioactivation?

Answer 38

Parkinsons