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metabolism 2 > This shit > Flashcards

This shit Flashcards

1
Q

what is toxicology?

A

The study of the adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms

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2
Q

what is a toxin?

A
  • A toxic substance produced by living organisms
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3
Q

what is a toxicant?

A
  • a toxic substance created or released into the environment by human activities
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4
Q

What is a poison?

A

a toxic substance that, when introduced into or absorbed by a living organism, causes death or injury

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5
Q

What is a toxic agent?

A

anything that can produce an adverse biological effect.

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6
Q

What are xenobiotics?

A

General term that is used for a foreign substance taken into the body.

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7
Q

what are the four origins of xenobiotics?

A

Natural
Industrialisation
Recreational
therapeutic

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8
Q

What were perflurooctane and perfluroroctanoic acid used for from the 1970s-2000s?

A

Firefighting foams

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9
Q

Glucosinolates make what vegetable toxic for the liver, kidney and thyroid gland?

A

Swedes

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10
Q

what toxin inhibits acetylcholinesterase and thus removes acetylcholine from neuromuscular junctions?

A

SARIN

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11
Q

What toxin sits on the ground so eventually suffocates people?

A

Chlorine gas

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12
Q

What toxin sits on the ground so eventually suffocates people?

A

Chlorine gas

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13
Q

what toxin causes chronic lung disease by fibers lodging in the alveoli?

A

Asbestos

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14
Q

what makes death cap mushrooms so toxic?

A

a-amanitin - which inhibits RNA polymerase II which is part of the DNA transcription process

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15
Q

what type of radiation is relatively low energy and only travels small distances?

A

Alpha radiation

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16
Q

what is an example of alpha radiation?

A

Polonium-210 - Alexander Litvinenko

17
Q

what type of cancer was soot wart related to?

A

Scrotal cancer - impacted growth and development of testes

18
Q

in what animals poison is batrachotoxin found?

A

Poision arrow frogs - irreversibly opens sodium channels of nerve cells

19
Q

what kund of gas when inhaled can cause narcosis, asphyxia and frostbite in the back of the throat?

A

Butane gas

20
Q

steroidal glycoalkaloids are found in what type of vegeatbles?

A

Potatoes, tomatoes –> anything from solanaceae family

21
Q

what does CERA stand for?

A

Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator

22
Q

What is the therapeutic index of a drug?

A

A statement of the relative safety of a drug i.e. the ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose

23
Q

what is the margin of safety of a drug?

A

The difference between the usual effective dose and the dose that causes severe or life-threatening side effects

a wide margin is desriable

24
Q

what is the margin of safety of a drug?

A

The difference between the usual effective dose and the dose that causes severe or life-threatening side effects

a wide margin is desirable

25
Q

what is hormesis?

A

phenomenon in which a harmful substance gives stimulating and beneficial effects to living organisms when the quantity of the harmful substance is small.

26
Q

what is medsafe’s responsibility?

A

Responsible for regulation of therapeutic products

27
Q

what is the role of the NZ national poisons centre?

A

provide advice to members of the public and health care professionals about acute poisoning situations.

28
Q

What is TOXINZ

A

database containing information regarding toxic compounds and the management of poisoned patients.

29
Q

what is the role of the NZ pharmacovigilance center

A

monitoring programs that contribute to and support the safety of medicines and related products

30
Q

what is the role of the EPA?

A

administers applications for major infrastructure projects of national significance, and regulates new organisms (plants, animals, GM organisms) and hazardous substances and chemicals

31
Q

the effects and the way a substance moves around the body is called what?

A

Toxicokinetics

32
Q

what are the phases of toxicokinetics?

A

Absorption
distribution
biotransformation
excretion

33
Q

what are the primary routes of exposure for toxins?

A

GI tract
Resp tract
Skin

34
Q

movement of a substance from its site of entry to other parts of the body is called what?

A

Distribution

35
Q

Metabolic transformation of the substance, producing metabolites is called what?

A

Biotransfromation

36
Q

When biotransformation results in metabolites of lower toxicity, it is known as what?

A

detoxification

37
Q

When biotransformation results in metabolites that are more toxic than the parent substance, it is known as what?

A

Bioactivation

38
Q

what disease is a good example of bioactivation?

A

Parkinsons

metabolism 2 (1 decks)

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