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Science 10 - 1st Quarterly > This is How it is Built > Flashcards

This is How it is Built Flashcards

1
Q

the shaking of the ground caused by the tremendous release of energy due to pressure in Earth’s crust

A

earthquake

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2
Q

the slipping of a block of Earth’s crust

A

fault

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3
Q

the origin at which the earthquake occurs

A

hypocenter or focus

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4
Q

the point directly above the focus on the surface

A

epicenter

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5
Q

it travels along and within the lithosphere

A

seismic waves

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6
Q

2 types of waves

A

body waves and surface waves

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7
Q

are in the form of primary or secondary waves

A

body waves

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8
Q

they travel through the interior of Earth and through solid and fluid materials.

A

Primary waves or compressional waves

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9
Q

they travel through solid materials only within the interior of Earth

A

secondary waves or transverse waves

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10
Q

they are waves that occur on the surface of the lithosphere

A

surface waves

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11
Q

they sweep the surface in a side-to-side movement

A

love waves (L-waves)

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12
Q

they shake the ground in an up-and-down movement

A

Rayleigh waves (R-waves)

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13
Q

the instrument that detects and measures seismic waves

A

seismograph

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14
Q

the internal part of a seismograph

A

seismometer

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15
Q

it is the quantitative measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake

A

magnitude

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16
Q

the most common scale for the magnitude of an earthquake

A

Richter scale

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17
Q

it refers to the strength of ground shaking during an earthquake

A

intensity

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18
Q

it is the widely known used scale for identifying earthquake intensity

A

Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale

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19
Q

it should include important things that can be easily used and consumed once an earthquake happens.

A

emergency kits

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20
Q

the process wherein magma escapes from Earth’s interior to form cool and hard rocks

A

volcanism

21
Q

it is a landform with an opening at its tip

A

volcano

22
Q

it allows molten magma to flow outside the surface

A

crater

23
Q

it pertains to magma that has finally reached the surface

A

lava

24
Q

this is what it’s called when the lava flows on the surface of Earth

A

extrusive volcanism

25
Q

this is entrapped lava flow that does not reach the surface

A

intrusive volcanism

26
Q

this is a type of rock wherein lava cools and hardens, and then it becomes rock

A

igneous rock

27
Q

this is the magma’s ability to flow.

A

viscosity

28
Q

volcanoes that arise from the excretion of magma to the mantle

A

hotspots

29
Q

two types of lava flow

A

aa and pahoehoe

30
Q

it exhibits smooth-surfaced characteristics

A

pahoehoe

31
Q

it is rough and jagged, and is dangerous due to its sharp edges

A

aa

32
Q

the process of mountain building

A

orogeny

33
Q

it refers to a large surface feature that rises above its relative

A

mountain

34
Q

a series of mountain chains

A

mountain range

35
Q

3 stages of mountain ranges

A

1.) accumulation of sediments
2.) an orogenic period of rock deformation and crustal uplift
3.) a period of crustal uplift caused by isostatic rebound and block faulting

36
Q

it is a mountain building, whose major features are deep-ocean trenches and volcanic arcs

A

island arc-type

37
Q

it occurs when two oceanic plates converge, and as the leading plate subducts from the other, the plate piles up, forming volcanic island arcs that consist of igneous and metamorphic rocks

A

island arc

38
Q

it is caused by the compression of the crust above the other in the collision process

A

continental volcanic arc

39
Q

this type of mountain building occurs along continental plate boundaries

A

andean-type

40
Q

is a fracture between two blocks of rock

A

fault

41
Q

it is defined as the slope or inclination of any geological surface

A

dip

42
Q

it is any horizontal line that is drawn on the sloping surface

A

strike

43
Q

it is any rock that falls above the fault line

A

hanging wall

44
Q

it is the one that falls under the fault line

A

foot wall

45
Q

it is characterized by the movement of the hanging wall

A

dip-slip fault

46
Q

it is when a dip-slip fault whose hanging wall falls down the surface of the fault. It occurs due to the tensional force being applied on either sides of the fault.

A

normal fault

47
Q

it is when the movement of the hanging wall is upward, which results from the compressional force applied on the fault

A

reversed fault

48
Q

it is when a fault on the surface causes the rock to move horizontally

A

strike-slip fault

Science 10 - 1st Quarterly (6 decks)

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