This is how it is built! Flashcards
The shaking of the ground caused by the tremendous release of energy due to pressure in Earth’s crust.
Earthquake
It causes the most inducing stress activity for earthquakes to occur.
Tectonic plate movement
Earthquakes release energy through ____________________.
seismic waves
Other name of primary waves (besides P-waves)
compressional waves
The motion of P-wave is ________________.
longitudinal
Other name of secondary waves (besides S-waves)
transverse waves
The instrument that detects and measure seismic waves.
Seismograph
Internal part of the seismograph.
Seismometer
It works as a pendulum that swings back and forth which is attached to a barrel that rotates and makes prints of the ground shaking.
Seismometer
The quantitative measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake.
Magnitude of an earthquake
The most common scale for the magnitude of an earthquake.
Richter scale
Richter scale is sometimes called the?
local magnitude
It refers to the strength of ground shaking during an earthquake.
Intensity
The first scale used in identifying earthquake intensity.
Rossi-Forel intensity scale
Widely used intensity scale.
Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
The process wherein magma escapes from Earth’s interior to form cool and hard rocks.
Volcanism
The most destructive earthquake that hit the Philippines happened at the ______________ in _______ with a magnitude of _______ and is _________ in origin.
Moro Golf,1976, 8.0, tectonic
A landform with an opening at its tip.
Volcano
An opening that allows molten magma to flow outside the surface.
Crater
When lava flows on the surface, it is called ________________.
extrusive volcanism
When lava cools down and becomes a rock, it is called ____________________.
Igneous rock
There are some instances where lava does not escape from the crate and flows along the chamber inside the crust and harden, it is then called?
Intrusive volcanism
In a volcanic eruption, the flow of magma or lava is affected by _________________ and __________________.
temperature, composition
The magma’s ability to flow.
Viscosity
Volcanoes that arise from the excretion of magma to the mantle.
Hotspots
2 types of lava flow
- aa (ah-ah)
- pahoehoe (pah-hoy-hoy)
The process of mountain building.
orogeny
A large surface feature that rises above its relative.
Mountain
Series of mountain chains
mountain ranges
3 types of mountain building
- Andean -type
- island arc
- continental volcanic arc
A mountain building whose major features are deep-ocean trenches and volcanic arcs.
Island arc
It is caused by the compression of the crust above the other in the collision process.
Continental volcanic arc
It occurs when two oceanic plates converge, and as the leading plate subducts from the other, the plate piles up, forming volcanic island arcs that consist of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Island arc
This type of mountain building occurs along continental plate boundaries.
Andean-type
The most visible effect of orogenesis.
The faulting and folding of the lithospheric plate
It happens when a force compresses the crust, causing the crust to bend from its sides.
Folding
The peak of any folded rock layer.
Anticline
The lowest point of the fold.
Syncline
It is characterized by a sharp-peaked anticline fold.
tight fold
The bending or warping of folding rock layers.
Overfold
A type of fold that is a result of too much bending that no vertical regions can be seen.
Recumbent fold
A fold that has overturned, causing rock layers to be fractured.
Nappe
It is defined as the slope or inclination of any geological surface.
Dip
Any horizontal line that is drawn on the sloping surface.
Strike
Other scales that express the magnitude of earthquakes.
- surface-wave magnitude
- body-wave magnitude
- moment magnitude
The inactive volcano is the one…
farther away from the current active volcano.
The most active volcano is the one…
directly above the mantle plume where the magma is rising.
It can be considered an agent of change.
Volcanic eruptions
The rock that falls under the fault.
foot wall
It is characterized by the movement of the hanging wall.
Dip-slip fault
Any rock that falls above the fault line.
Hanging wall
A dip-slip fault whose hanging wall falls down the surface of the fault.
Normal fault
