Thirty Years War (1618-1648)

Question 1

First Religion

Answer 1

HRE Ferdinand tried to force the Protestants to convert to Catholicism.
2. Peace of Augsburg - the right to decide between Protestantism and Catholicism
3. Protestant German princes soon rebelled
4. Protestant states of Europe (Sweden and Dutch Netherlands joined the war on the side of the Protestants)
5. Seems to be a war about religion.

Question 2

What does the war appear to be at first?

Answer 2

A war about religion.

Question 3

The Reason of State

Answer 3

Reason of state
a. Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu
b. Argued: “The public interest ought to be the sole objective of the prince”
c. France had a boundary quarrel with the Habsburg emperors: part of Northern France was under Habsburg from becoming too powerful.
d. Wanted to prevent the Habsburg from becoming too powerful.
e. The above reasons were enough to justify an alliance with Protestants.

Question 4

Gain or maintain spheres of influence

Answer 4

-Goes to war for their own national interests
-What suits their country?
OVERALL, rational goals.

Question 5

After 1648, they no longer go to war over religion. Therefore, religion no longer determines what is best for the country.

Question 6

What were some of the factors that pushed people to fight for the public interest?

Answer 6

1. Independence
2. Territory
3. Trading rights
4. To prevent too much power with one state
5. Gain or maintain spheres of influence.

Question 7

Created a new standard military formation

Answer 7

Musketeers because they fired muskets
b. New standard
c. Takes time to penetrate
d. Skewer horses