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Nursing Care > Thirst and urination > Flashcards

Thirst and urination Flashcards

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1
Q

What does turbidity mean?

A

Cloudiness

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2
Q

What is the normal colour of dog and cat urine?

A

Pale yellow

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3
Q

What can cloudiness indicate in cat and dog urine?

A

presence of puss, mucous and phosphates. can also indicate contamination by semen.

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4
Q

What is the normal urine of a horse?

A

Yellow colour, cloudy

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5
Q

what causes the cloudiness of horse urine?

A

the presence of calcium carbonate crystals

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6
Q

What is the normal urine of guinea pigs?

A

Yellow colour and cloudiness

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7
Q

What is the normal urine of a rabbit?

A

Colour can range from yellow to orange, has a cloudy appearance due to calcium carbonate crystals

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8
Q

What is the normal urine of a female chinchilla?

A

Yellow colour and cloudy

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9
Q

What is the normal urine of birds and reptiles?

A

normally cloudy due to uric acid crystals

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10
Q

What is the normal smell of urine?

A

Sour smell, males of some spies have a putrid smell

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11
Q

What would a sweet, pear-drop smell in urine indicate?

A

ketouria - the presence of ketones in the urine. can indicate pathology such as diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

What does Glucosuria mean?

A

Glucose in the urine

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13
Q

What is Glucosuria a sign of in the cat and dog?

A

uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

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14
Q

What is Glucosuria a sign of in the horse?

A

Cushing’s disease

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15
Q

In a fresh sample what would a strong smell of ammonia indicate?

A

the presence of bacteria

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16
Q

What is Proteinuria?

A

Protein in the urine

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17
Q

What indicates Proteinuria?

A

Foul smelling urine

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18
Q

What can Proteinuria indicate?

A

Renal disease

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19
Q

How is urine concentration measured and what units are used?

A

With a refractometer, measured in SG - specific gravity

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20
Q

What is the SG of distilled water?

A

1.000

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21
Q

What is the normal SG for cats?

A

1.020 - 1.040

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22
Q

What is the normal SG range for dogs?

A

1.015 - 1.045

23
Q

What is the normal SG range for Horses?

A

1.020 - 1.050

24
Q

What can an elevated SG indicate?

A

Dehydration, Acute renal failure, Shock, Diabetes mellitus, or the presence of crystaluria

25
Q

What can decreased SG indicate?

A

Renal failure, diabetes insipidus, polydipsia, fluid therapy, corticosteroid therapy.

26
Q

What does Isothenuria mean?

A

Urine that is neither too dilute or too concentrated

27
Q

What can repeated Isothenuria samples indicate and why?

A

Acute renal failure, healthy kidneys will produce varying concentrations of urine throughout the day, kidneys that are no longer functioning properly are unable to concentrate the urine.

28
Q

What is Haematuria?

A

Blood in the urine

29
Q

What does occult mean?

A

hidden - only visible microscopically

30
Q

What pathology can Haematuria indicate?

A

Cystitis, trauma, neoplasia, infection

31
Q

What is the pH of Dog urine?

A

5-7

32
Q

What is the pH of cat urine?

A

5.2 - 6.8

33
Q

What is the pH of horse urine?

A

7-9

34
Q

What is the normal urine output for healthy cat, dog & horse?

A

1-2ml/kg/hr

24-48ml/kg/day

35
Q

What is the normal urine output for a healthy rabbit?

A

0.5-2ml/kg/hr

12-48ml/kg/hr

36
Q

What does Oliguria mean?

A

reduced urine output

37
Q

What is the correct term for reduced urine output?

A

Oliguria

38
Q

At what volume should the urine output require intervention from a VS?

A

<0.5ml/kg/hr

39
Q

What is the correct term for no production of urine?

A

Anuria

40
Q

What does Anuria mean?

A

no production of urine

41
Q

How can urine output be measured accurately?

A

using an indwelling catheter attached to a urine collection bag

42
Q

What is the medical term for urination?

A

Micturition

43
Q

What does the term Dysuria mean?

A

Difficulty urinating

44
Q

What does Polyuria mean?

A

Over production or urine - urinating a lot

45
Q

What does polydipsia mean?

A

Increased thirst/drinking

46
Q

What can polydipsia indicate?

A

Renal disease, diabetes mellitus, Cushing’s disease, pyometra, use of drugs such as corticosteroids

47
Q

what does the abbreviation PU/PD mean?

A

Polyuria & Polydipsia

48
Q

What is the general maintenance water/fluid requirement for cats, dogs & horses simplified as?

A

50ml/kg/day

49
Q

What is the accurate water/fluid requirement for a cat?

A

40-60ml/kg/day

50
Q

what is the accurate water/fluid requirement for a dog?

A

40-60ml/kg/day

51
Q

What is the accurate water/fluid requirement for a horse?

A

50-60ml/kg/day

52
Q

What is the accurate water/fluid requirement for a rabbit?

A

50-150ml/kg/day

53
Q

What could a dark yellow/orange/ brown colour in a cat or dog urine sample indicate?

A

Dehydration

54
Q

What cold a red, brown or black colour in a dog or cat urine sample indicate?

A

Presence of blood or use or certain drugs

Nursing Care (5 decks)

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