Third partial Flashcards
What is a political party according to Karen Strom?
Formal organization that seeks benefits derived from public office by gaining representation in duly constituted elections
Which are the functions of a political party?
- Candidate nomination
- Electoral mobilization
- Issue structuring
- Social representation & integration
- Interest aggregation
- Forming & sustaining governments
What is party discipline?
Politicians following instructions from their party / parliamentary leaders
What are treaties?
International agreements concluded between states in written form & governed by international law
Which are the two types of treaties?
- Bilateral & multilateral
- Law-making / contractual
What is a plenipotentiary?
State representative with “full power” to sign treaty
In treaties, what are reservations?
Unilateral statements made by a state when signing a treaty whereby its purports to exclude or modify the legal effect of certain clause
What is pacta sunt servanda?
Treaties are binding upon the parties to them & must be performed by them
What is non-retroactivity in treaties?
Treaties do not apply to events or acts taking place before the date of their entry in force
What is economic integration?
Process whereby countries coordinate and link their economic policies
What are alliances according to S. Walt?
Formal or informal commitments for security cooperation between two or more states?
What is the purpose of alliances?
To combine the members’ capabilities in a way that furthers their respective interests
Why do alliances fail?
- Shifts in the balance of power
- Change in beliefs regarding other states’ intentions
- New means of protecting interests
Why do alliances succeed?
Hegemonic leadership: strong leader interested in maintaining alliance
Which are the five characteristics of terrorism?
- Violent
- Political motivation
- Perpetrator
- Victim
- Audience
What is terrorism?
The premeditated use or threat to use violence by individual or subnational groups in order to obtain a political or social objective through the intimidation of a large audience beyond that of the immediate victims
Which are the two types of terrorism?
Domestic & transnational
What is domestic terrorism?
Perpetrators, victims & audience belong to a single country
What is transnational terrorism?
Perpetrators, victims & audience from more than one country
What is the original aim of NATO?
To contain communism
What is NATO?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization; whose main purpose is international security and support
What does NATO’s Article V consist on?
If any member is attacked or threatened - it’s personal against them all
What is OAS?
Organization of American States; who aims to establish a military alliance in the American continent
Which are some of the OAS’ areas of interest?
- Peace & security
- Poverty
- Democracy
- Weapons
- Human rights
