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Health & Society > Third partial > Flashcards

Third partial Flashcards

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1
Q

What does skin do?

A

Provides a layer of protection against pathogens, physical abrasions, and radiation

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2
Q

Which are the three skin layers?

A

-Epidermis -Dermis -Hypodermis

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3
Q

How does the skin help maintain homeostasis?

A

By maintaining a constant body temperature and making the body aware of external stimuli with the sense of touch

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4
Q

Which are the skin’s main functions?

A

-Protection -Thermoregulation -Sensation -Synthesis of vitamin D -Excretion of salts and wastes through sweat

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5
Q

Which are the epidermis’ five layers?

A

-Stratum Basale -Stratum Espinosum -Stratum Granulosum -Stratum Lucidum -Stratum Corneum

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6
Q

What does the dermis give?

A

Strength, extensibility and felxibility

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7
Q

Which are some of the accessory organs of the skin?

A

-Hairs -Nails -Sweat glands -Different glands

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8
Q

What is melanoma?

A

Skin cancer that forms in melanocytes

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9
Q

Where does melanoma begin?

A

In the epidermal basal layer

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10
Q

Which are some of the risk factors for melanoma?

A

-Fair skin -Tendency to burn -Intense bursts of sun exposure -Moles -Genetics

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11
Q

Which are the three types of burns?

A

-Chemical -Electrical -Thermal

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12
Q

Which part of the skin is damaged in a first degree burn?

A

Epidermis

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13
Q

Which part of the skin is damaged in a second degree burn?

A

Epidermis & partial thickness of the dermis

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14
Q

Which part of the skin is damaged in a third degree burn?

A

Epidermis, dermis & deeper tissues

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15
Q

What does the endocrine system consist of?

A

The endocrine hormones and the glands that produce them

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16
Q

What is the hypothalums?

A

The part of the brain that contains neurosecretary cells

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17
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

Where hormones are produced

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18
Q

Which hormone is produced in the hypothalamus (to anterior pituitary) and which are its functions?

A

Tropic hormones

Influence another gland’s hormone production

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19
Q

Which hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary and which are its functions?

A

Growth hormone

Promotes growth and development of all tissues.

Stimulates cells to take more amino acids, to move fats, and release glucose for energy.

Increseases the cell division into cartilage and bone for growth.

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20
Q

Which hormone is produced in the hypothalamus (to posterior pituitary) and which are its functions?

A

Antidiuretic hormone & Oxytocin

Released when neural activity in the brain stimulates neurosecretory cells

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21
Q

Which hormone is produced in the thyroid and which are its functions?

A

Thyroxine & Triiodothyronine

Increase the rate of cellular metabolism in target cells

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22
Q

Which hormone is produced in the parathyroid and which are its functions?

A

Parathyroid hormone

Maintains calcium levels in blood and tissue fluid

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23
Q

Which hormone is produced in the pancreas and which are its functions?

A

Polypeptides

Regulate the body’s use of nutrients

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24
Q

Which hormone is produced in the testes and which are its functions?

A

Testosterone

Stimulates sperm production, and the development of secondary sexual features.

Controls prostate gland function

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25
Q

Which hormone is produced in the ovaries and which are its functions?

A

Estrogen & Progesterone

Stimulate the development of female sexual features.

Control the menstrual cycle.

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26
Q

Which hormone is produced in the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla, and which are its functions?

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline) & norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Help the body respond to and survive emergencies

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27
Q

What is cortisol?

A

Hormone released in response to stress, trauma, or exposure to extreme temperatures; which promotes the use of fats as energy

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28
Q

What is aldosterone?

A

Hormone that controls sodium concentrations

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29
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

Having a hyperactive thyroid gland, resulting in an increased metabolism

30
Q

What is hypothyroidism?

A

Having a hypoactive thyroid gland, resultin in a decreased metabolism

31
Q

What is Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

Elevated cortisol levels caused by medication or tumor in a gland

32
Q

What do tendons join?

A

Muscle and bone

33
Q

What do ligaments join?

A

Muscle and muscle

34
Q

Identify the different parts of skeletal muscles

A
35
Q

Each myofibril consists of repeating subunits called…

A

Sarcomeres

36
Q

Identify the different parts of the sarcomere

A
37
Q

How could you be able to identify actin & myosin in a sarcomere?

A

Myosin is the thick line

Actin is the thin line

38
Q

What are joints?

A

The point where the bones meet

39
Q

Identify the different parts of the skeleton

A
40
Q

Which are some of the main functions of the skeleton?

A
  • support the body and protect internal organs
  • allow locomotion
  • sensory function
  • store calcium & phosphorus
  • produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
41
Q

Which parts form the axial skeleton?

A
  • Head
  • Vertebral column
  • Rib cage
42
Q

Which parts form the appendicular skeleton?

A
  • pectoral & pelvic girdles
  • appendages
43
Q

Which are the three types of cells found in the skeleton?

A
  • Osteoblasts: bone forming cells
  • Osteocytes: mature bone cells
  • Osteoclasts: bone dissolving cells
44
Q

What is a fracture?

A

The loss of continuity in the bone

45
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Injury of the ligaments that surround a joint

46
Q

Which first aid measures would need to be taken in case of a sprain?

A
  • Rest
  • Ice
  • Compression
  • Elevation
  • Try not to move
47
Q

What is a joint dislocation?

A

Abnormal separation in the joint

48
Q

What is reproduction?

A

Production of eggs and sperm and the processes leading to fertilization

49
Q

What are gonads?

A

Ovaries and testes: produce gametes

50
Q

What are gametes?

A

Haploid cells (sperms & ovum)

51
Q

Identify the different parts of the female reproductive system

A
52
Q

What do ovaries do?

A

Produce eggs, estrogen and progesterone

53
Q

What is the fimbriae?

A

Cilia that move the egg into the oviduct

54
Q

What does the uterine tube do?

A

Conducts the egg to the uterus

55
Q

What does the cervix do?

A

Nearly closes up the outer end of the uterus

56
Q

What is the vagina?

A

The birth canal and receptable of semen

57
Q

Identify the different stages of a follicle

A
58
Q

Analyze a woman’s menstruation cycle

A
59
Q

Identify the different parts of the male reproductive system

A
60
Q

What do the testes do?

A

Produce testosterone

61
Q

What does the epididymis do?

A

Stores sperm and conducts them to the urethra

62
Q

What do the seminal vesicles do?

A

Secrete fluid into the semen

63
Q

Identify the different parts of a sperm cell

A
64
Q

What occurs with chlamidia?

A

It infects the genital tract, urethra, anus, and eyes

65
Q

Which are some of the sypmtoms for chlamidia?

A
  • Tenderness of the vagina
  • Vaginal discharges
66
Q

Which are some of the symptoms for gonorrhea?

A
  • Greenish/yellowish discharge
  • Pelvic pain
  • Dysuria
67
Q

What is syphillis?

A

A painless ulcer in the genitals

68
Q

Which are some of the side effects to syphillis in the long and short term?

A

Short term (4-8 weeks after infection):

Fever, rash on the palms and soles

Long term (1-20 years after infection):

Destructive gummas, deformación de la cara literalmente

69
Q

What is AIDS?

A

Retrovirus that destroys CD4 and t Lymphocytes

70
Q

Which are some of the infections for AIDS?

A
  • Night sweats
  • Weight loss
  • Recurrent infections

Health & Society (3 decks)

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