Third exam-FAMILIES (lecture & lab) Flashcards
What plants are in the LILIACEAE family?
Give three examples (this flashcard and next two)
LILY FAMILY:
Genus Clintonia- blue bead lily
Blue fruits look like blueberries but NOT edible, taste terrible
LILIACEAE family- example 2
ERYTHRONIUM- trout lily, dog-tooth violet
LILIACEAE family- example 3
LILIUM- lily, turk’s cap lily
What are examples of POACEAE (grass) family? There are 9, which grass is below?
Andropogon Gerardii
BIG BLUE STEM
Uses: erosion control plant
Wildlife grazing
Features: 4-8 feet tall
Seedhead branched into 3 parts and looks like a turkey foot
POACEAE (grass family) example 2
Schizaachyrium scoparium
LITTLE BLUE STEM (beard grass)
Uses: Food and cover for birds
NOT GREAT FOR GRAZING ANIMALS
Features: Very ORNAMENTAL bunch grass
18-24 inches tall
Fluffy white seeds valuable for birds
Blue-green stems become mahogany red with fluffy white seed tufts in Fall
POACEAE (grass family) example 3
Sorghastrum Nutans
INDIANGRASS
Uses: highly nutritious for animal grazing
Erosion control
Features: 6 feet tall
POACEAE (grass family) example 4
Avena Sativa
OATS
Uses: livestock (oats, hay) and human food
Features: EXOTIC SPECIES
5 feet tall
POACEAE (grass family) example 5
Setaria
FOXTAIL
Uses: Ovaries become edible seeds for rodents and birds
Not very valuable for grazing
Features: spikelet clusters of bristled seeds that stick to animals and clothing
MAY BECOME LODGED IN ANIMALS NOSES
12-30” tall
EXOTIC SPECIES
Foxtail inflourence are panicles
POACEAE (grass family) example 6
Digitaria (genus)
CRABGRASS
Uses: Help erosion in arid landscape
Features: some species problematic weeds in lawns, mowing spreads their seeds
Are annuals or perennials that overwinter in the lawn
POACEAE (grass family) example 7
Phalaris arundinacea
REED CANARY GRASS
Uses: insects, muskrats and Canadian geese feed on it at various stages of growth
Protective cover for birds, mammals, snakes, insects etc
Features: Invasive Exotic Species
2-9 feet tall
Grows along lakes and streams singularly and wet open areas
Robust, hairless perennial
Straw colored, green, pink to purple seedheads (lots of variation!)
Greyish to blue green stems
WIDER LEAVES THAN OTHER GRASSES (widest part about 3/4”)
Reed collars are large and yellow
TRANSPARENT LIGULES
POACEAE (grass family) example 8
Poa
BLUEGRASS
NOT native to USA (invasive exotic species)
Uses: food for caterpillars, beetles
Football and baseball stadium grass
Features: 12-28 inches tall
3-5 branches in basal whorls
Ligule extremely short, square ended
Dark green blue color
POACEAE (grass family) example 9
Panicum
PANIC GRASS, SWITCH GRASS, WITCH GRASS
What is the definition of an ANGIOSPERM?
-They’re the largest group in the plant kingdom: include trees, bushes, flowering plants & herbs
-All ANGIOSPERMS have flowers at some stage of life
-Have small pollen grains that make fertilization quicker and more efficient at reproducing
-ADVANTAGE OF ANGIOSPERMS is production of endosperms which is food that forms after fertilization for developing seedling
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What family is the genus TRILLIUM in?
Family is MELANTHIACEAE
Latin name is also TRILLIUM
Tri means three, three brachts that look like leaves that are photosynthetic
Single inflorescence
What family us GREENBRIER in?
Family is SMILACACEAE
Latin for Greenbrier is SMILAX
Greenbrier are climbing flowering plants with thorns or are woody
Heartshaped leaves, vines can grow up trees or form a bush
What family is the LADY-SLIPPER or
MOCCASIN-FLOWER in?
ORCHIDACEAE family
Cypripedium, genus
One of LAREGEST NATIVE orchids
Used as medicine for insomnia and sedation
What family is the IRIS or BLUE FLAG in?
IRIDACEAE FAMILY
IRIS, genus
Inflorescence is 2-4 flowers
What family is SOLOMON’S SEAL in?
ASPARAGASCEAE family
Polygonatum, genus
Used as medicine, or to make bread or eaten like asparagus
What family is CANADA MAYFLOWER or FALSE SOLOMON’S SEAL in?
ASPARAGASCEAE family
Maianthemum genus
Attracts birds
What family us the narrow-leaved cattail in?
TYPHACEAE family
Typha angustifolia genus
INVASIVE but new thoughts on using cattails to reduce pollution in water
What family is BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL in?
TYPHACEAE family
Typha latifolia genus
NATIVE, used as food and medicine
What family is RUSH in?
JUNCACEAE family Juncus genus (common rushes)
Any number of flowering plants with cylindrical stalks or hollow, stemlike leaves
Used for weaving
What family is SPIDERWORT in?
COMMELINACEAE family
TRADESCANTIA genus
Flowers can be white, pink, purple or blue
Ornamental use
What family is WOOLGRASS in?
CYPERACEAE family
Scirpus genus
SEDGE
The inflorescence has cymes and up to 15 spikelets
What family is BULRUSH in?
CYPERACEAE family
schoenoplectus genus
SEDGE
grows in ponds, marshes and lakes
Solitary or clustered spikelets
Inner stalks are edible and tastes like asparagus
What family is NUTSEDGE in?
CYPERACEAE family
Cyperus genus
SEDGE species
Tubers resemble nuts
Nutrition source for migrating cranes
Staple carbohydrate for modern hunter gatherers
Invasive WEED
What family is SEDGE in?
CYPERACEAE family
Carex genus
Sedges are found in wetlands and areas of poor soil
What family is MAY-APPLE in?
BERBERIDACEAE family
Podophyllum genus
Green fruit poisonous until it turns yellow
Rest of plant toxic
Woodland plants
What family is COON-TAIL, HORNWORT in?
Ceratophyllum genus
Monoecious water plant, free floating
Excretes a substances that doesn’t allow beneficial phytoplankton to grow
It’s dense growth outcompetes underwater vegetation, not good
Used in aquariums
Good covering for newly hatched fish
What family is BUTTERCUP, CROWFOOT in?
RANUNCULACEAE family
Ranunculus genus
Toxic plants when alive, non toxic when dead/dry
Contact dermatitis on humans
What family are ANEMONE, PASQUE- FLOWER, LIVERWORT in?
Anemonoe
RANUNCULACEAE family
Anemone genus
Live plants are lethal
Pasque-Flower
What family is COLUMBINE in?
RANUNCULACEAE family
Aquilegia genus
5 petals, 5 sepals and an ovary
Flowers are pink, white, pale yellow or pale blue
In moist woodlands and open mountain meadows
What family is the MARSH-MARIGOLD in?
RANUNCULACEAE family
Caltha genus
Alternate true leaves in a flowerette
Flowers produce nectar and pollen for pollinators
Provides cover for frogs and insects in low water marsh
What family is BLOODROOT in?
PAPAVERACEAE family
Sanguinaria genus
Juice is blood red and POISONOUS
Seeds are spread by ants (myrmecochory)
Produce pollen, NOT NECTAR
Use: red dye
Leaves of bloodroot in spring
What family is CELADINE in?
PAPAVERACEAE family (poppy) Chelidonium genus
INVASIVE EXOTIC SPECIES OR MEMBERS
Use: digestive medicine
Plant is TOXIC to animals and humans, must be cooked
What family is WITCH-HAZEL in?
HAMAMELIDACEAE family
Hamamelis genus
Small tree or shrub
Seeds eaten by small mammals and birds
What family is WATER MILFOIL in?
INVASIVE EXOTIC SPECIES OR MEMBERS
Forms thick mats and blocks sunlight from fresh water plants that fish eat, hurts biodiversity
Clean boats etc to prevent watermilfoil from spreading
What family is CURRANT, GOOSEBERRY in?
GROSSULARIACEAE family
Ribes genus
Currants can be red, white, pink or black and are high in Vitamin C
Gooseberries have thorns, currants don’t
Gooseberry bushes are highly toxic but BERRIES ARE EDIBLE
What family is grape in?
VITACEAE FAMILY
Vitus genus
Woody vine that is a climber by tendrils
Edible leaves are alternate and tooth edged
Fruit is a berry
Used to make wine, grape jam and jelly, dried to make raisins
What family is VIRGINIA CREEPER in?
VITACEAE family
Parthenocissus genus
Use: ornamental cover for exterior building walls, needs to be pruned regularly to prevent from snuffing off other plants or light
What family is WALNUT, BUTTERNUT in?
White walnut
JUGLANDACEAE family
Jugkans genus
One of the hardiest trees, slow grower
Produces ripe nuts in October
Is self fertile but requires wind for fertilization
Butternut now threatened species because of a fungal canker disease
What family is HICKORY in?
JUGLANDACEAE family
Carya genus
Hardwood, slow growing
Use: make furniture, cabinets, floors, sporting equipment (baseball bats)
Pinnate compound leaves with pairs of leaflets
What family is OAK in?
FAGACEAE family (beech) Quercus genus
Oaks are wind pollinated
Alternate, simple leaves with lobed, toothed or entire margins
Produce acorns as fruit- food for small animals
Use: furniture, flooring
What family is WHITE OAK in?
FAGACEAE family
Q. alba genus
Leaves are mostly rounded and acorns taste sweeter than red oak
Use: furniture, flooring, wine barrels
Produce acorns for animal food
What family is BUR OAK in?
FAGACEAE family
Q macrocarpa genus
Use: furniture, flooring, wine barrels
What family is NORTHERN RED OAK in?
FAGACEAE family
Q rubra genus
Use: fast growing tree, great shade tree
Acorns a treat for grouse, blue jays, bears, raccoons
Red and brown leaves in fall
What family is NORTHERN PIN OAK in?
FAGACEAE family
Q. ellipsoidalis genus
Use: wood good for fuel (burning)
What family is BEECH in?
FAGACEAEA
Fagus genus
branches are high on the tree
Tiny non descript flowers in spring that yield tiny nuts in fall (fall leaves yellow)
What family is the HAZELNUT in?
BUTALACEAE family (birch family) Corylus genus
Bushy shrub
What family is IRONWOOD, HOP-HORNBEAM in?
BETULACEAE family (birch family) Ostrya genus
Which family is the MUSCLEWOOD, BLUE-BEECH in?
BETULACEAE family (birch family) Carpinus genus
Used for making tool handles, very hardwood
NOT good for commercial wood industry
What family is the ALDER in?
BETULACEAE family (birch family) Alnus genus
Fast growing trees found in soggy wet ground, swamps, along rivers, wetlands
What family is BIRCH in?
BETULACEAE family (Birch family, duh!) Betula genus
Trunk bark brown at first but then turns paper white
Leaf base at 90 degree angle to the stalk
Often have tangled masses of twigs called Witches Brooms on them
Used for furniture, wood trim in homes
What family is the YELLOW BIRCH in?
BETULACEAE family (Birch family) B. alleghaniensis genus
Longest living birch up to 150 years or even 300 years
Most Valuable Birch for its wood product
Deer, moose and cottontails eat twigs
Songbirds feed on buds and seeds
What family is the PAPER BIRCH in?
BETULACEAE family
B. papyrifera genus
Paper birch is one of first species to regrow after fire or wind destruction
One of most widely distributed tree species in North America
