Third exam-FAMILIES (lecture & lab) Flashcards

1
Q

What plants are in the LILIACEAE family?

Give three examples (this flashcard and next two)

A

LILY FAMILY:
Genus Clintonia- blue bead lily

Blue fruits look like blueberries but NOT edible, taste terrible

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2
Q

LILIACEAE family- example 2

A

ERYTHRONIUM- trout lily, dog-tooth violet

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3
Q

LILIACEAE family- example 3

A

LILIUM- lily, turk’s cap lily

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4
Q

What are examples of POACEAE (grass) family? There are 9, which grass is below?

A

Andropogon Gerardii
BIG BLUE STEM

Uses: erosion control plant
Wildlife grazing

Features: 4-8 feet tall
Seedhead branched into 3 parts and looks like a turkey foot

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5
Q

POACEAE (grass family) example 2

A

Schizaachyrium scoparium
LITTLE BLUE STEM (beard grass)

Uses: Food and cover for birds
NOT GREAT FOR GRAZING ANIMALS

Features: Very ORNAMENTAL bunch grass
18-24 inches tall
Fluffy white seeds valuable for birds
Blue-green stems become mahogany red with fluffy white seed tufts in Fall

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6
Q

POACEAE (grass family) example 3

A

Sorghastrum Nutans
INDIANGRASS

Uses: highly nutritious for animal grazing
Erosion control

Features: 6 feet tall

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7
Q

POACEAE (grass family) example 4

A

Avena Sativa
OATS

Uses: livestock (oats, hay) and human food

Features: EXOTIC SPECIES
5 feet tall

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8
Q

POACEAE (grass family) example 5

A

Setaria
FOXTAIL

Uses: Ovaries become edible seeds for rodents and birds
Not very valuable for grazing

Features: spikelet clusters of bristled seeds that stick to animals and clothing
MAY BECOME LODGED IN ANIMALS NOSES

12-30” tall
EXOTIC SPECIES

Foxtail inflourence are panicles

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9
Q

POACEAE (grass family) example 6

A

Digitaria (genus)

CRABGRASS

Uses: Help erosion in arid landscape

Features: some species problematic weeds in lawns, mowing spreads their seeds
Are annuals or perennials that overwinter in the lawn

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10
Q

POACEAE (grass family) example 7

A

Phalaris arundinacea
REED CANARY GRASS

Uses: insects, muskrats and Canadian geese feed on it at various stages of growth
Protective cover for birds, mammals, snakes, insects etc

Features: Invasive Exotic Species
2-9 feet tall
Grows along lakes and streams singularly and wet open areas
Robust, hairless perennial
Straw colored, green, pink to purple seedheads (lots of variation!)
Greyish to blue green stems
WIDER LEAVES THAN OTHER GRASSES (widest part about 3/4”)
Reed collars are large and yellow
TRANSPARENT LIGULES

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11
Q

POACEAE (grass family) example 8

A

Poa
BLUEGRASS
NOT native to USA (invasive exotic species)

Uses: food for caterpillars, beetles
Football and baseball stadium grass

Features: 12-28 inches tall
3-5 branches in basal whorls
Ligule extremely short, square ended
Dark green blue color

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12
Q

POACEAE (grass family) example 9

A

Panicum

PANIC GRASS, SWITCH GRASS, WITCH GRASS

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13
Q

What is the definition of an ANGIOSPERM?

A

-They’re the largest group in the plant kingdom: include trees, bushes, flowering plants & herbs
-All ANGIOSPERMS have flowers at some stage of life
-Have small pollen grains that make fertilization quicker and more efficient at reproducing
-ADVANTAGE OF ANGIOSPERMS is production of endosperms which is food that forms after fertilization for developing seedling
-

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14
Q

What family is the genus TRILLIUM in?

A

Family is MELANTHIACEAE
Latin name is also TRILLIUM

Tri means three, three brachts that look like leaves that are photosynthetic
Single inflorescence

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15
Q

What family us GREENBRIER in?

A

Family is SMILACACEAE
Latin for Greenbrier is SMILAX

Greenbrier are climbing flowering plants with thorns or are woody

Heartshaped leaves, vines can grow up trees or form a bush

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16
Q

What family is the LADY-SLIPPER or

MOCCASIN-FLOWER in?

A

ORCHIDACEAE family
Cypripedium, genus

One of LAREGEST NATIVE orchids

Used as medicine for insomnia and sedation

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17
Q

What family is the IRIS or BLUE FLAG in?

A

IRIDACEAE FAMILY
IRIS, genus

Inflorescence is 2-4 flowers

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18
Q

What family is SOLOMON’S SEAL in?

A

ASPARAGASCEAE family
Polygonatum, genus

Used as medicine, or to make bread or eaten like asparagus

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19
Q

What family is CANADA MAYFLOWER or FALSE SOLOMON’S SEAL in?

A

ASPARAGASCEAE family
Maianthemum genus

Attracts birds

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20
Q

What family us the narrow-leaved cattail in?

A

TYPHACEAE family
Typha angustifolia genus

INVASIVE but new thoughts on using cattails to reduce pollution in water

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21
Q

What family is BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL in?

A

TYPHACEAE family
Typha latifolia genus

NATIVE, used as food and medicine

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22
Q

What family is RUSH in?

A
JUNCACEAE family
Juncus genus (common rushes)

Any number of flowering plants with cylindrical stalks or hollow, stemlike leaves

Used for weaving

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23
Q

What family is SPIDERWORT in?

A

COMMELINACEAE family
TRADESCANTIA genus

Flowers can be white, pink, purple or blue
Ornamental use

24
Q

What family is WOOLGRASS in?

A

CYPERACEAE family
Scirpus genus

SEDGE
The inflorescence has cymes and up to 15 spikelets

25
Q

What family is BULRUSH in?

A

CYPERACEAE family
schoenoplectus genus

SEDGE
grows in ponds, marshes and lakes

Solitary or clustered spikelets

Inner stalks are edible and tastes like asparagus

26
Q

What family is NUTSEDGE in?

A

CYPERACEAE family
Cyperus genus

SEDGE species
Tubers resemble nuts

Nutrition source for migrating cranes

Staple carbohydrate for modern hunter gatherers

Invasive WEED

27
Q

What family is SEDGE in?

A

CYPERACEAE family
Carex genus

Sedges are found in wetlands and areas of poor soil

28
Q

What family is MAY-APPLE in?

A

BERBERIDACEAE family
Podophyllum genus

Green fruit poisonous until it turns yellow
Rest of plant toxic

Woodland plants

29
Q

What family is COON-TAIL, HORNWORT in?

A

Ceratophyllum genus

Monoecious water plant, free floating

Excretes a substances that doesn’t allow beneficial phytoplankton to grow

It’s dense growth outcompetes underwater vegetation, not good

Used in aquariums
Good covering for newly hatched fish

30
Q

What family is BUTTERCUP, CROWFOOT in?

A

RANUNCULACEAE family
Ranunculus genus

Toxic plants when alive, non toxic when dead/dry
Contact dermatitis on humans

31
Q

What family are ANEMONE, PASQUE- FLOWER, LIVERWORT in?

Anemonoe

A

RANUNCULACEAE family
Anemone genus

Live plants are lethal

Pasque-Flower

32
Q

What family is COLUMBINE in?

A

RANUNCULACEAE family
Aquilegia genus

5 petals, 5 sepals and an ovary

Flowers are pink, white, pale yellow or pale blue

In moist woodlands and open mountain meadows

33
Q

What family is the MARSH-MARIGOLD in?

A

RANUNCULACEAE family
Caltha genus

Alternate true leaves in a flowerette

Flowers produce nectar and pollen for pollinators

Provides cover for frogs and insects in low water marsh

34
Q

What family is BLOODROOT in?

A

PAPAVERACEAE family
Sanguinaria genus

Juice is blood red and POISONOUS

Seeds are spread by ants (myrmecochory)

Produce pollen, NOT NECTAR

Use: red dye

Leaves of bloodroot in spring

35
Q

What family is CELADINE in?

A
PAPAVERACEAE family (poppy)
Chelidonium genus

INVASIVE EXOTIC SPECIES OR MEMBERS

Use: digestive medicine
Plant is TOXIC to animals and humans, must be cooked

36
Q

What family is WITCH-HAZEL in?

A

HAMAMELIDACEAE family
Hamamelis genus

Small tree or shrub
Seeds eaten by small mammals and birds

37
Q

What family is WATER MILFOIL in?

A

INVASIVE EXOTIC SPECIES OR MEMBERS

Forms thick mats and blocks sunlight from fresh water plants that fish eat, hurts biodiversity

Clean boats etc to prevent watermilfoil from spreading

38
Q

What family is CURRANT, GOOSEBERRY in?

A

GROSSULARIACEAE family
Ribes genus

Currants can be red, white, pink or black and are high in Vitamin C

Gooseberries have thorns, currants don’t

Gooseberry bushes are highly toxic but BERRIES ARE EDIBLE

39
Q

What family is grape in?

A

VITACEAE FAMILY
Vitus genus

Woody vine that is a climber by tendrils

Edible leaves are alternate and tooth edged

Fruit is a berry

Used to make wine, grape jam and jelly, dried to make raisins

40
Q

What family is VIRGINIA CREEPER in?

A

VITACEAE family
Parthenocissus genus

Use: ornamental cover for exterior building walls, needs to be pruned regularly to prevent from snuffing off other plants or light

41
Q

What family is WALNUT, BUTTERNUT in?

White walnut

A

JUGLANDACEAE family
Jugkans genus

One of the hardiest trees, slow grower

Produces ripe nuts in October

Is self fertile but requires wind for fertilization

Butternut now threatened species because of a fungal canker disease

42
Q

What family is HICKORY in?

A

JUGLANDACEAE family
Carya genus

Hardwood, slow growing

Use: make furniture, cabinets, floors, sporting equipment (baseball bats)

Pinnate compound leaves with pairs of leaflets

43
Q

What family is OAK in?

A
FAGACEAE family (beech)
Quercus genus

Oaks are wind pollinated

Alternate, simple leaves with lobed, toothed or entire margins

Produce acorns as fruit- food for small animals

Use: furniture, flooring

44
Q

What family is WHITE OAK in?

A

FAGACEAE family
Q. alba genus

Leaves are mostly rounded and acorns taste sweeter than red oak

Use: furniture, flooring, wine barrels
Produce acorns for animal food

45
Q

What family is BUR OAK in?

A

FAGACEAE family
Q macrocarpa genus

Use: furniture, flooring, wine barrels

46
Q

What family is NORTHERN RED OAK in?

A

FAGACEAE family
Q rubra genus

Use: fast growing tree, great shade tree
Acorns a treat for grouse, blue jays, bears, raccoons

Red and brown leaves in fall

47
Q

What family is NORTHERN PIN OAK in?

A

FAGACEAE family
Q. ellipsoidalis genus

Use: wood good for fuel (burning)

48
Q

What family is BEECH in?

A

FAGACEAEA
Fagus genus

branches are high on the tree
Tiny non descript flowers in spring that yield tiny nuts in fall (fall leaves yellow)

49
Q

What family is the HAZELNUT in?

A
BUTALACEAE family (birch family)
Corylus genus

Bushy shrub

50
Q

What family is IRONWOOD, HOP-HORNBEAM in?

A
BETULACEAE family (birch family)
Ostrya genus
51
Q

Which family is the MUSCLEWOOD, BLUE-BEECH in?

A
BETULACEAE family (birch family)
Carpinus genus

Used for making tool handles, very hardwood
NOT good for commercial wood industry

52
Q

What family is the ALDER in?

A
BETULACEAE family (birch family)
Alnus genus

Fast growing trees found in soggy wet ground, swamps, along rivers, wetlands

53
Q

What family is BIRCH in?

A
BETULACEAE family (Birch family, duh!)
Betula genus

Trunk bark brown at first but then turns paper white
Leaf base at 90 degree angle to the stalk

Often have tangled masses of twigs called Witches Brooms on them

Used for furniture, wood trim in homes

54
Q

What family is the YELLOW BIRCH in?

A
BETULACEAE family (Birch family)
B. alleghaniensis genus

Longest living birch up to 150 years or even 300 years
Most Valuable Birch for its wood product

Deer, moose and cottontails eat twigs
Songbirds feed on buds and seeds

55
Q

What family is the PAPER BIRCH in?

A

BETULACEAE family
B. papyrifera genus

Paper birch is one of first species to regrow after fire or wind destruction

One of most widely distributed tree species in North America