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Chapter 7 > Thinking & Intelligence > Flashcards

Thinking & Intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition

A

Thinking

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2
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Examining how people think

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3
Q

Concepts

A

Are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas or memories such as life experiences

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4
Q

Prototype

A

Best example or representation of a concept

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5
Q

Natural Concept

A

Created naturally through your experiences and can be developed from either direct or indirect experiences

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6
Q

Artificial Concept

A

Specific set of characteristics

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7
Q

Schema

A

Mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts

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8
Q

Role Schema

A

Makes assumptions about how individuals in certain roles will behave

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9
Q

Event Schema aka Cognitive Script

A

set of behaviors that can feel like a routine

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10
Q

Language

A

Communication system that involves using words and systemic rules to organize those words to transmit information

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11
Q

Lexicon

A

Refers to the words of a given language

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12
Q

Grammar

A

Refers to the set of rules that are used to convey meaning through the use of lexicons

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13
Q

Phoneme

A

(“Ah and “Eh) Basic sound unit of a given language

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14
Q

Morphemes

A

(“I”) Smallest units of languages that convey some type of meaning

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15
Q

Semantics

A

Refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words

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16
Q

Syntax

A

Refers to the way words are organized into sentences

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17
Q

Overgeneralization

A

Refers to an extension of language rule to an exception to the rule

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18
Q

Problem-solving strategy

A

plan of action used to find a solution

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19
Q

Trial and error

A

Continue trying different solutions until problem is solved

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20
Q

Algorithm

A

Step-by-step problem solving formula

21
Q

Heuristic

A

General problem-solving framwork

22
Q

Working Backwords

A

You begin problem solving on the end result

23
Q

Mental Set

A

Persist in approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past but is clearly not working now

24
Q

Functional Fixedness

A

Type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for.

25
Q

Anchoring Bias

A

Occurs when you focus on one piece of information when making a decision or solving a problem

26
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

Tendency to focus on information that confirms your existing beliefs.

27
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

Leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable even though it really wasn’t.

28
Q

Representative Bias

A

Describes a faulty way of thinking. To where you unintentionally stereotype someone or something.

29
Q

Availability Heuristic

A

Is when you make a decision based on and example, information, or recent experience that is readily available to you.

30
Q

Crystalized Intelligence

A

Is characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it.

31
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

Encompassess the ability to see complex relationship and solve problems.

32
Q

Triarchic Theory of intelligence

A

robert Sternberg | intelligence is made into 3 parts

analytical
Creative
Practical

33
Q

Practical Intelligence

A

“Street Smarts” Finding solutions to everyday life. Based on your experiences.

34
Q

Analytical Intelligence

A

academic problem solving and computations. To analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast.

35
Q

Creative Intelligence

A

Marked by inventeing or imaging a solution to a problem or situation

36
Q

Multiple Intelligence Theory

A

Developed by Howard Gardner. Each person possesses at least eight intelligences.

Linguistic Intelligence 
Logical-Mathematical intelligence
Music intelligence
Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence
Spatial Intelligence
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Interpersonal Intelligence
Naturalistic Intelligence
37
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A

ability to understand the emotions of others and yourself

38
Q

Cultural Intelligence

A

How well you relate to the values of that culture

39
Q

Divergent Thinking

A

Outside the box thinking

40
Q

Convergent Thinking

A

Ability to provide a correct or well-established answer or solution to a problem

41
Q

Intelligence Quotient

A

Describes a score earned on a test designed to measure intelligence

42
Q

Standardization

A

Manner of administration,scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent

43
Q

Norming

A

Involves giving a test to a large population so data can be collected comparing groups like age groups

44
Q

Representative sample

A

Subset of the population that accurately represents the general population

45
Q

Standard Deviations

A

How data are dispersed in a population and give context to large data sets

46
Q

Range of reaction

A

That each person responds to the enviroment in a unique way based on his or her genetic make up

47
Q

Dysgraphia

A

Learning disability that results in the struggle to write legibly

48
Q

Dyslexia

A

Exhibits an inability to correctly process letters

49
Q

Dyscalculia

A

Difficulty in learning

Chapter 7 (1 decks)

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